“…To address this challenge, structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive testing (NDT) are often employed. 9 Techniques such as visual testing (VT), 10,11 penetrant testing, 12,13 ultrasonic guided waves, 14 acoustic emission, 15 X-ray computed tomography, 9,16 and ultrasonic microscopy 9 have been used for the inspection and characterization of cracks in adhesive joints under mode II loading. Among these techniques, VT is one of the most common, rapid, and intuitive techniques for monitoring crack propagation, and it is the only standardized technique.…”