With digital transformation and progress in science, developing process capabilities with limited resources has gained immense importance for higher education institutions. To provide the highest quality education services and manage the information and knowledge management processes, appropriate strategies, and related key performance management factors must be defined efficiently. In the literature, numerous models and tools have been proposed to measure knowledge management capabilities (Mohapatra et al., 2016; Imran et al., 2017; Dayan et al., 2017; Trivella et al., 2015). This chapter aims to develop a better understanding of the relationship between knowledge management processes and propose an assessment model of knowledge management system for higher education institutions to measure knowledge resources and their capabilities. To do so, the knowledge management system is identified by four main attributes (People, Processes, Technology and Culture) and each attribute is comprehensively analysed in a dedicated section.