Evaluation of net-zero energy residential buildings in the MENA region

Krarti, Moncef; Ihm, Pyeongchan

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.02.007

Cited by 88 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Heating and cooling degrees days are therefore simply a measure of how much and for how long, the external air temperature is below or above a certain level, referred to as the "base temperature". The data has been obtained from [8], where HDD was defined based on a base temperature of 18 • C and HDD was obtained based on a base temperature of 22 • C. It is obvious from the table that the highest CDD was in Gulf countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain UAE, and Oman, due to high humidity and extreme hot days in summer. Therefore, the Gulf countries consume high energy for cooling to maintain thermal comfort.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The whole building lifecycle is assumed to be around 40-60 years. Therefore, implementing energy codes can have a lasting impact for years to come, resulting in controlling the level of greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impact of climate change.A number of studies [7,8] discussed the improvement of current building standards in Middle East countries to achieve low-energy buildings. Aldossary et al [9] investigated improving the current building standards in Saudi Arabia through use of building modelling and simulation packages such as IES-VE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies [7,8] discussed the improvement of current building standards in Middle East countries to achieve low-energy buildings. Aldossary et al [9] investigated improving the current building standards in Saudi Arabia through use of building modelling and simulation packages such as IES-VE.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Design Strategies for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in the Middle East and North Africa Regions

Al-Saeed

Ahmed

2018

Designs

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There is international pressure for countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are blamed as the main cause of climate change. The countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region heavily rely on fossil fuel as the main energy source for buildings. The concept of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) has been defined and standardized for some developed countries. While most of the developing countries located in the MENA region with hot and tropical climate lack building energy efficiency standards. With pressure to improve energy and environmental performance of buildings, nZEB buildings are expected to grow over the coming years and employing these buildings in the MENA region can reduce building energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, the paper focuses on: (a) reviewing the current established nZEB standards and definitions for countries in the hot and warm climate of Europe, (b) investigate the primary energy consumption for current existing buildings in the MENA region, and (c) establishing a standard for nZEB and positive energy buildings in kWh/m2/year for the MENA region using a building simulation platform represented using Autodesk Insight 360. The result of the simulation reveals high energy use intensity for existing buildings in the MENA region. By improving building fabric and applying solar photovoltaics (PV) in the base model, significant reductions in primary energy consumption was achieved. Further design improvements, such as increasing the airtightness and using high efficiency solar PV, also contributed to positive energy buildings that produce more energy than they consume.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Design Strategies for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in the Middle East and North Africa Regions

Al-Saeed

Ahmed

2018

Designs

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“…The energy reduction; nonetheless; can differ depends on the areas. One of research from Romania mentioned about the affordable and sustainable solutions, which have been explored the energy reduction of a new built NZEB at 90% [16] where the energy reduction was found at 35-50% in the building in the Middle East and North Africa [17]. In the fact that, there showed different standards for energy efficiency on each area; for example, the minimum requirements for wall insulation is 0.8 W/m 2 K in Portugal [18] compared to 0.35 W/m 2 K in England and Wales [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Digital-Twin Evaluation of Net Zero Energy Building for Existing Buildings

2018

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With buildings around the world accounting for nearly one-third of global energy demand and the availability of fossil fuels constantly on the decline, there is a need to ensure that this energy demand is efficiently and effectively managed using renewable energy now more than ever. Most research and case studies have focused on energy efficiency of ‘new’ buildings. In this study, both technical and financial viability of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) for ‘existing’ buildings will be highlighted. A rigorous review of open literatures concerning seven principal areas that in themselves define the concept of NZEB building is carried out. In practice, a suitable option of the NZEB solutions is needed for the evaluation and improvement for a specific geographical area. The evaluation and improvement has been carried out using a novel hierarchy-flow chart coupled with a Building Information Model (BIM). This BIM or digital twin is then used to thoroughly visualize each option, promote collaboration among stakeholders, and accurately estimate associated costs and associated technical issues encountered with producing an NZEB in a pre-determined location. This paper also provides a future model for NZEB applications in existing buildings, which applies renewable technologies to the building by aiming to identify ultimate benefit of the building especially in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in energy consumption. It is revealed that the digital twin is proven to be feasible for all renewable technologies applied on the NZEB buildings. Based on the case study in the UK, it can be affirmed that the suitable NZEB solution for an existing building can achieve the 23 year return period.

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“…Using hourly weather data for 162 cities, degree-days for both heating and cooling have been estimated throughout the Arab region [10]. Figure 7a shows a contour map of annual heating degree-days (HDD) (Heating degree-days represent the number of degrees for all days in a season with average temperatures below 18 • C) with a base temperature of 18 • C obtained for the Arab region where hourly climatic data are available.…”

Section: Climate Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region

Krarti

2019

Energies

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The paper overviews the current energy demand trends in the building sector for the Arab region using reported historical energy consumption. Moreover, the paper describes the current energy efficiency policies and regulations for all the Arab countries specific to both residential and commercial buildings. Finally, the paper evaluates potential benefits for large-scale energy efficiency programs specific to new and existing building stocks within the Arab region using a bottom-up analysis approach. The analysis of the available energy consumption for all the Arab countries has shown that the Arab region presents a significant variation in energy consumption levels between its sub-regions and countries. Indeed, the Arab region includes oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia with the largest energy use per capita in the World with over 9000 kWh/person of electricity used annually in buildings. However, the same region has the least developed countries such as Sudan and Yemen with the lowest energy use per capita in the World with barely 100 kWh/person/year of electrical consumption. The review of the existing regulations has indicated that several Arab countries have not implemented any energy efficiency codes and standards for building envelope, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances. A cost-effectiveness analysis has indicated that the Arab region can incur significant benefits in upgrading the energy efficiency of its new and existing buildings especially its households. Specifically, the adoption and the enforcement of stringent energy efficiency codes for new residential and commercial buildings can result in a reduction of 12.7 TWh/year in final annual energy consumption for the Arab region. Moreover, retrofit programs targeting existing buildings can save up to 470 TWh or a third of the building sector final energy consumption per year after 2030. Combining comprehensive energy efficiency requirements for new buildings and extensive retrofit programs for existing buildings would reduce the total final energy consumption of the building sector in the Arab region by 600 TWh by 2030 and by 900 TWh by 2050 if all the energy programs start to be implemented by 2020.

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Evaluation of net-zero energy residential buildings in the MENA region

Cited by 88 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating Design Strategies for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in the Middle East and North Africa Regions

Evaluating Design Strategies for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in the Middle East and North Africa Regions

A Digital-Twin Evaluation of Net Zero Energy Building for Existing Buildings

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region

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