Evaluation of nitrifying bacteria product to improve nitrification efficacy in recirculating aquaculture systems

Characterization of Bioflocs in a No Water Exchange Super-intensive System for the Production of Food Size Pacific White Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

“…Probiotic strategies have been employed as an alternative to antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture for the past 20 years; however most of these studies have used a single organism to outcompete pathogenic organisms (Verschuere et al, 2000;Kuhn et al, 2010). A change in strategy from individual probiotic cultures to established probiotic communities may be essential to the future of super-intensive growth systems and the continued growth of an environmentally friendly and biologically secure aquaculture industry.…”

“…Organisms from the genus Vibrio (Austin et al, 1995;Balcázar et al, 2007), Bacillus (Gómez and Shen, 2008;Li et al, 2007;Rengipat et al, 2003;Vaseeharan and Ramasay, 2003;Solano and Soto, 2006), Pseudomonas (Vijayan et al, 2006), Roseobacter (Sandaa et al, 2003), and Arthrobacter (Li et al, 2006) have all been employed in shrimp aquaculture or display promise as potential probiotics (reviewed by Ninawe and Selvin, 2009). These bacteria once established within a RAS aid in the maintenance of water quality, most often with respect to nitrification (Kuhn et al, 2010). Further advantages to bacterial supplementation include microbial floc as natural food to improve growth (Burford et al, 2004;El-Haroun et al, 2006), prevention of pathogen proliferation through competitive exclusion (Verschuere et al, 2000), and immunostimulation of the immune system of target organisms (Ganguly et al, 2010).…”

Molecular characterization of the nitrifying bacterial consortia employed for the activation of bioreactors used in brackish and marine aquaculture systems

“…Therefore, a viable start up culture is vital for enhanced performance of RAS, which can overcome the initial lag and can also be used for quick reactivation of the system whenever some inhibition occurs. Kuhn et al (2010) observed a significant improvement in the nitrification efficiency of recirculating systems by the addition of commercial nitrifying bacterial products. Accordingly, for the application in tropical recirculating systems, we developed nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC) from the marine and brackish water by enrichment method (Achuthan et al, 2006) and mass cultured them in indigenously designed fermentors (Kumar et al, 2009a).…”

“…Many of the bacterial products available for enhanced nitrification in aquaculture systems usually comprise of ammonia oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing bacteria like Nitrosomonas eutropha and Nitrobacter winogradskyi (Kuhn et al, 2010;Dhanasiri et al, 2011). Nitrification has been reported to be faster in mixed cultures than in pure cultures (Steinmüller and Bock, 1976).…”

Performance of Zero Water Discharge (ZWD) System with Nitrifying Bacteria and Microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans Components in Super Intensive White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture

“…Performance of Zero Water Discharge (ZWD) System with Nitrifying Bacteria and Microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans Components in Super Intensive White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter) [9], while biomass of microalgae has an important role in nitrate reduction and as food supplement for shrimps [10].…”