2015
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000359
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Performance of Zero Water Discharge (ZWD) System with Nitrifying Bacteria and Microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans Components in Super Intensive White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture

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Cited by 6 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…flow-through) requires a continuous new water supply to avoid waste accumulation in the culture, ZWD recycles ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate using microorganism consortia, and therefore, it reduces water usage significantly. Ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate level can be maintained using addition of heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and microalgae, regularly [13].…”
Section: Zwd Principlementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…flow-through) requires a continuous new water supply to avoid waste accumulation in the culture, ZWD recycles ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate using microorganism consortia, and therefore, it reduces water usage significantly. Ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate level can be maintained using addition of heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and microalgae, regularly [13].…”
Section: Zwd Principlementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The system emphasizes nitrogen nutrient cycle because nitrogen toxin is very dangerous if it accumulates excessively. Figure 1 shown below is an example for the estimation of nutrient cycle and microbial loop that occur in the ZWD system [13]. The greatest accumulation of toxic compounds in cultivation is from animal feed and feces.…”
Section: State Of the Artmentioning
confidence: 99%
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