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Oil palm are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families, especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Many common products and foods are derived from oil palm, its making them one of the most economically important plants. On the other hand, declining supply of raw materials from natural resources has motivated researchers to find alternatives to produce new materials from sustainable resources like oil palm. Oil palm waste is possibly an ideal source for cellulose-based natural fibers and particles. Generally, oil palm waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches, oil palm trunk, oil palm shell and oil palm ash are good source of biomaterials. Lack of sufficient documentation of existing scientific information about the utilization of oil palm waste raw materials for biomaterial production is the driving force behind the this chapter. Incorporation of various types of biomaterial derived from oil palm waste resources as reinforcement in polymer matrices lead to the development of biocomposites products and this can be used in wide range of potential applications. Properties and characterization of biomaterial from oil palm waste will not only help to promote further study on nanomaterials derived from non-wood materials but also emphasize the importance of commercially exploit oil palm waste for sustainable products.

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This research reports the result obtained from the synthesis and characterization of Bacterial Nano Cellulose (BNC) from Nangka banana peel (Musa sp L.) media for water filtration membrane application. The BNC synthesis is successfully achieved under the condition of banana peel and water ratio of 1:3, bacterial nutrition : Glucose 10% (w/v), Ammonium Sulphate (NH4)2SO4 1% (w/v), pH: 4, and amount of starter: 15% (w/v). The duration of fermentation is 7 days. The water content obtained in BNC banana peel is 86,59%. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the resulting nanocellulose is nanofibril 30-50 nm in diameter. The X ray diffraction (XRD) shows the banana peel BNC crystallinity index (Ic) is 86,94% and cellulose Type I. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra confirms the bond and functional group of nanocellulose. These results support the required properties for strong but flexible membrane filter. The potential zeta absolute value -11.39 mV from the Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) shows that BNC colloidal solution has good stability that it can be further used for the manufacture of water filter catalytic membrane composites.