Biomaterial from Oil Palm Waste: Properties, Characterization and Applications

Dungani, Rudi; Aditiawati, Pingkan; Aprilia, Sri; Yuniarti, Karnita; TatiKarliati,; Suwandhi, Ichsan; Sumardi, Ihak

doi:10.5772/intechopen.76412

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These properties are very important prior to mulching operations. Dungani et al (2018) investigated the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of various oil palm waste to assess its suitability to various applications.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Of Palm Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of degree of oil palm frond mulching using tractor mounted mulcher blades

Jahun

Ahmad

Mahadi

et al. 2021

J Agricult Engineer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the influence of blade lifting angles, tractor forward speed, and tractor power take off (PTO) speed on the degree of mulching. Four blades with different lifting angles, two tractor PTO speeds, and three tractor forward speeds were assessed using the parametric test at the Universiti Putra Malaysia oil palm plantation. The result shows that the best-fit regression equation was a quadratic regression with a high coefficient of determination. It indicates that any change in this three-factor interaction has a significant effect using Tukey’s Studentized mean comparison and can predict the degree of mulching. Seventy-four percent of the degree of mulching variance is explained by blade lifting angles, tractor forward speed, and tractor PTO speed. Since the blade lifting angle was a major predictor of the degree of mulching, this result implies that any change in the blade lifting angle can provide a significant prediction of the degree of mulching in an oil palm plantation. Additionally, the predicted model can further be used to predict the degree of mulching during field operations, replanting, and access for mulching of oil palm fronds. A detailed field evaluation of the performance of a tractor-mounted mulcher with different blade lifting angles in other parts of Malaysia is highly recommended to cater for the differences in soil moisture content and bulk density.

show abstract

Section: Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Of Palm Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of degree of oil palm frond mulching using tractor mounted mulcher blades

Jahun

Ahmad

Mahadi

et al. 2021

J Agricult Engineer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As discussed earlier, the oil palm industry generates massive amounts of biomass waste, and improper handling of this biowaste may cause serious problems to human health and the environment. One of the solutions is to utilize the biowaste in the production of nanocellulose, carbon-based nanomaterials, nano-silica, and other nano-oil-based palm derivatives that can be used in the manufacture of biocomposites, reinforcements and board fillers for building, pollution control, and power generation [100].…”

Section: Generation Of Nanomaterials From the Oil Palm Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinforcement in concrete [127][128][129] Waste cooking palm oil Graphene - [130] Carbon nanosphere [131] Their amount of cellulose, holocellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are tabulated in Table 4 [100,132,133]. The extracted cellulose from oil palm biomass was reported to possess high specific strength, low density, excellent thermal properties apart from biodegradable, and inexpensive.…”

Section: ) Biomass Mortar 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for Nanotechnology Development

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increase in the world’s oil demand due to the rise of the global population urges more research into the production of sustainable vegetable oilseeds, among which palm oil is the most suitable candidate as it is the most efficient oilseed crop in the world. In an effort to drive the oil palm industry in the areas of food safety and security nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in the oil palm industry is still limited. In this review, we aim to encourage the researchers to fully utilize nanotechnology as an alternative solution to tackle the challenges faced by the oil palm industry. Moreover, we also aim to highlight the opportunities for nanotechnology development in oil palm-based related research. The major points are as follows: (1) Nanosensing enables real-time monitoring of plantation status and crop progression, including soil, water and nutrient management, early pest/disease detection, and the spreading of pests/diseases. The use of nanosensing conveniently extends into advanced breeding topics, such as the development of disease-tolerant plants; (2) Nanotechnology could be the answer for the development of integrated management of pest and disease. Active agricultural ingredients can be entrapped or encapsulated into nanocarrier systems to improve their solubility, stability, enhance their efficient delivery to site-specific targets, with longer shelf life, and consequently improved efficacy; (3) Valuable nanomaterials can be isolated and generated from oil palm biomass waste. The utilization of oil palm biomass waste could overcome the issue of the massive production of waste in the oil palm industry and palm oil mills, where oil only accounts for 10% of the biomass, while 90% is comprised of the generated biowastes. (4) Palm oil can be utilized as a green alternative as a capping and stabilizing agent in the biosynthesis of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. In addition, nanoemulsion formulations using palm oil in drug delivery systems offer advantages such as low toxicity, enhance bioavailability and solubility of the drugs, apart from being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

show abstract

“…Total 135 million tons per annum of oil palm biomass is generated and discarded as wastes by the Malaysian oil palm industry 64 . Such quantity of oil palm biomass wastes could produce around 41–54 million tons of AC on annual basis, considering about 30–40% of physically or chemically activated carbons yield 7 …”

Section: Oil Palm Derived Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production cost analysis of oil palm waste activated carbon: a pilot‐scale evaluation

Lai

Ngu

2020

Greenhouse Gases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oil palm waste has been widely used in activated carbon (AC) by applying various activation methods and degrees of processing. The aim of this paper was to conduct technoeconomic assessment for pilot-scale oil palm based AC (OPbAC) production to evaluate cost of these methods using different activation and post-activation surface modification processes. Based on the assumptions in earlier publications, the pilot-scale evaluation was estimated by summation of fixed capital investment with total annual operating costs according to the percentages of total equipment cost reported in the literature. The proposed investment in constructing and operating three different types of AC manufacturing facility is investigated by the net present value (NPV) method. The evaluation revealed that the physical activation process required lower fixed capital investment ($2.12 million) and annual operating cost ($1.53 million) compared to chemical and physiochemical processes with respective total fixed capital investment ($6.32 million) and total annual operating cost ($2.57 million). The NPV results reported that positive NPVs are evaluated for all three manufacturing facilities and the proposed investments associated with these facilities are acceptable. The highest production cost related to chemical activation with ZnCl 2 in the presence or absence of an oxidizing gas was estimated to be $3.24 per kg AC, whereas the lowest production cost of $2.72 per kg AC was found for steam activation that required no additional purchase of commodity chemicals. On the other hand, a modification by impregnation using magnesium oxide estimates the highest additional modified AC product cost at $8.60 per kg AC given its high purchased chemical price. These findings are beneficial in providing preliminary insights in terms of economic aspects for OPbAC production.

show abstract

Biomaterial from Oil Palm Waste: Properties, Characterization and Applications

Cited by 53 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of degree of oil palm frond mulching using tractor mounted mulcher blades

Effects of degree of oil palm frond mulching using tractor mounted mulcher blades

An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for Nanotechnology Development

The production cost analysis of oil palm waste activated carbon: a pilot‐scale evaluation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About