Evaluation of occurrence of organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water and comparison with international guidelines: a worldwide review

Pourfadakari, Sudabeh; Dobaradaran, Sina; De-la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique; Mohammadi, Azam; Saeedi, Reza; Spitz, Jörg

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21213-x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…15 The concentrations of other inorganic and organic substances in drinking water may affect its safety and acceptability for use. 16 Some of these elements are: Fluoride (F), Chloride (Cl), Bromide (Br), sulfate (SO42−), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb). 12,15,[17][18][19] Finding the number of coliforms and fecal coliform in the water is one of the most crucial factors in determining the quality of coolers' water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality From Water Coolers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed

2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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The quality of drinking water is an important health issue in crowded cities, so that an adequate drinking water with good quality must be provided, hence over hundreds of water coolers are distributed in Makkah city to cope with the increasing demand for drinking water. The present study aimed to determine the chemical and microbial quality of drinking water from coolers in Makkah city. Sixty-three samples from randomly selected water coolers were tested for chemical and bacteriological quality. For all samples, the mean value of physiochemical tests of pH (7.12), TDS (152.7 ppm), turbidity (2.56 NTU), free chlorine (0.312 ppm), fluoride (0.112 ppm), chloride (25.7 ppm), bromide (0.123 ppm), nitrate (0.616 ppm), sulfate (8.36 ppm), lithium (0.134 ppm), sodium (17.6 ppm), potassium (1.42 ppm), magnesium (1.95 ppm), calcium (19.2 ppm), chromium (0.025 ppm), cadmium (0.0026 ppm), and lead (0.0244 ppm) did not exceed the reference values of the drinking water regulations. The total coliform count was detected in 3.2% of the water samples. For total coliform count, the MPN in the majority of water samples (96.8%) was excellent while for E. coli count, the MPN in all water samples (100%) was excellent. Bacteriological quality has shown that no Pseudomonas, Salmonellae, or Legionellae species contamination detected. It was concluded that, the drinking waters in coolers in Makkah city were complied with international standards and within the acceptable limit. It is worth to continue periodic inspection and maintenance for the drinking water coolers during mass gatherings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality From Water Coolers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed

2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…Bottled water is viewed as one of the main ways drinkable water is distributed globally [8]. Over the decades, the consumption of bottled water has tremendously increased worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is paramount that bottled drinking water should meet the same standard as tap water [11]. However, poor quality control during production and poor management in the supply chain can impede the quality of bottled drinking water at different stages of bottle filling at the source, during distribution, incorrect transportation, and storage [8,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Zomba City, Malawi

Peter Joseph Chimtali,

Kizito Steven Ngumbira,

Timothy Tywel Mguntha

2023

MJoSHT

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The quality of drinking water is a key priority from a human health perspective. The present study was conducted to assess the physico-chemical quality of bottled drinking water marketed in Zomba City, Malawi. Seven bottled water brands were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, K, Na, Ca, Mg, NO3-, F-, Cl- and total water hardness using standard methods. The results of the analysis were compared with Malawi Standard (MS) 560 for natural mineral water, MS 699 for bottled water other than natural mineral water, and the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. The results showed that EC, TDS, Cl-, NO3-, F-, K, Na, Ca, and Mg in all the bottled water brands complied with MS 560, MS 699, and WHO guidelines for drinking water. Further, four bottled water brands had their mean pH below the minimum MS 560 and MS 699 value of 6.5. Comparison of the analyzed water quality parameters with the reported label values showed considerable variation in both exaggeration and undervaluing. This study has also shown that all brands had low fluoride content as compared to recommended levels by MS 560 and MS 699. The paper suggests the need for strict monitoring to check bottled water quality compliance.

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“…Bottled drinking water (BDW) is one of the main ways in which potable water is distributed worldwide, and BDW (mineral and spring) has been promoted worldwide as a more pure, safe, and tastier alternative. 12 Recently, there has been an increasing trend to replace tap water with bottled mineral water (BMW) due to the importance of BMW in human nutrition and beneficial therapeutic and medical practices. 13 Turkey has great potential for natural mineral water (NMW) sources and is one of the world’s seven geothermal-potential-rich countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

et al. 2022

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Bottled natural mineral water (BMW) consumption in Turkey is increasing every year. Depending on the local geology from which the water is extracted, BMW could be enhanced with natural radionuclides. In this study, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 58 BMW samples of 25 different brands marketed in Turkey were measured using a γ-ray spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Ra, and 40 K in BMW samples were found as 0.4, 0.5, and 4.3 Bq/L, respectively. The activity concentrations of 228 Ra exceeded the WHO-recommended maximum permissible limit of 0.1 Bq/L for drinking water. The annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (LCR) caused by the ingestion of each BMW sample were estimated for adults to assess radiological risks using two different scenarios based on BMW consumption rates (150 and 13 L/y). All estimated total AEDs, except for two samples, were below the guidance dose level of 100 μSv/y recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkish regulations for drinking water. For all BMW brands, 228 Ra was found as the main contributor to the AEDs. The LCR values were lower than the acceptable value of 10 –3 for radiological risks.

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Evaluation of occurrence of organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water and comparison with international guidelines: a worldwide review

Cited by 16 publications

References 122 publications

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality From Water Coolers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality From Water Coolers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Physico-Chemical Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Zomba City, Malawi

Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

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