Evaluation of oxidative stress, 3-Nitrotyrosine, and HMGB-1 levels in patients with wet type Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Abstract
 
 Background: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other.
 
 Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
 
 Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg / mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p=0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p=0.001 and p=0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p=0.228).
 
 Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…Investigations of wet AMD patients, on the other hand, have reported significantly increased levels of total oxidant status in the serum and decreased levels of total antioxidant status [126]. Similar studies also confirm a significant increase in total oxidant status levels in the serum of wet AMD patients [127], suggesting that increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense in wet AMD patients contribute to AMD progression. Levels of SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were lower in the serum of wet AMD patients of the age group 55-82 years compared with age-matched healthy control subjects [128], and SOD, catalase and GPx activities were also lower in erythrocytes of AMD patients vs. controls [129], indicating a strong correlation between wet AMD and oxidative stress and potentially dampened antioxidant enzyme functions in AMD.…”

NMR Untargeted and HPLC-MS/MS Targeted Metabolomic Approaches for Evaluating Styrene Exposure in the Urine of Shipyard Workers

“…Furthermore, peroxynitrite (ONOO) can be generated both by nitrogen and oxygen reactive species, and can react with tyrosine in proteins or in free form to produce 3-NO 2 -tyrosine, a specific marker for oxidatively generated damage to proteins [ 17 ].…”