Evaluation of ozonated water using ASTM E1174 for standardized testing of handwash formulations for healthcare personnel

Nakamura, Kiwamu; Saito, Katsuharu; Kashiwazaki, Jun; Aoyagi, Tetsuji; Arai, Kazuaki; Hara, Yasuka; Kobari, Shuko; Mori, Hirotaka; Ohashi, Kenichi; Takano, Yoshinao; Kaku, Mitsuo; Kanemitsu, Keiji

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.02.009

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…can exhibit virucidal activity against echovirus-11 with 60 s exposure time, about 23.1% in 13 hand disinfectants, indicating that there was a great risk of over-reliance on hand disinfectants in clinical hand hygiene to block the enterovirus transmission. Our results is consistent with the World Health Organization recommendations that hand washing with soap and running water is the main hand hygiene method [22][23] . Therefore, in epidemic season or the existence of enterovirus pollution, the preferred method of hand hygiene is washing with soap and running water.…”

Section: Identi Cation Of Removal Of Residual Disinfectantsupporting

confidence: 92%

Efficacy of Widely Used Hand Disinfectants Against Human Echovirus Type 11 in China

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In the summer of 2019 an outbreak of Nosocomial infections in a newborn nursery occurred in a Shunde hospital near Foshan, resulting in five babies deaths. Echovirus-11 was proven to be the responsible agent. Echovirus-11 infections are a significant health threat in the hospitals and occasionally cause severe neurological complications and even death in children. Although good hand hygiene is important for controlling infection, relevant data regarding the efficacy of widely used hand disinfectants against Echovirus-11 are still lacking. Aim: To investigate the virucidal activity of widely used hand disinfectants against Echovirus-11. Methods: The 13 widely used hand disinfectants from Guangdong hospitals were tested for virucidal activity against Echovirus-11 with the identification test of residual disinfectants removal and the suspension test with a 60 s exposure time based on Technical Standard For Disinfection (2002). Findings: Both Disinfectant A and Disinfectant C achieved a mean log10 reduction factor in Echovirus-11 titre of ≥ 5.00, respectively, within 60 s. Disinfectant B, Disinfectant D, Disinfectant H and Disinfectant M had an effect on Echovirus-11 in a mean log10 reduction factor of ≥ 4.00.By contrast, Disinfectant E, Disinfectant F, Disinfectant G, Disinfectant I, Disinfectant J, Disinfectant K and Disinfectant L didn't improved the mean log10 reduction factor in Echovirus-11 titre with producing a factor of ＜4 after a 60 s exposure time.Conclusions: 46.2% (6/13 products) of widely used hand disinfectants have effectiveness against Echovirus-11. In general, it is risky to rely too much on hand disinfectants. In case of epidemic season or definite enterovirus contamination, washing hands with soap and water is recommended for reducing viral contamination of enterovirus 11 in clinical practice, rather than hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand disinfectants alone.

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Section: Identi Cation Of Removal Of Residual Disinfectantsupporting

confidence: 92%

Efficacy of Widely Used Hand Disinfectants Against Human Echovirus Type 11 in China

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In a recent study, Nakamura et al found that a 3 log10 cfu reduction was achieved by washing hands with ozonated water or antimicrobial soap and water. However, ozonated water was not significantly superior to non-antimicrobial soap and water [21].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 78%

Ozonized water as an alternative to alcohol-based hand disinfection

Breidablik

Lysebo

Johannessen³

et al. 2019

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Background: Hand hygiene plays a vital role in the prevention of transmission of microorganisms. Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects on bacteria, viruses and protozoa. It can easily be produced locally in small generators, and dissolved in tap water, and quickly transmits into ordinary O2 in the surrounding air. Aim: To compare ozonized tap water and alcohol rub in decontamination of bacteriallycontaminated hands. Methods: A cross-over study among 30 nursing students. Hands were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) then sanitized with ozonized tap water (0.8 or 4 ppm) or 3 mL standard alcohol-based rub (Antibac 85%). The transient microbes from fingers were cultivated and colony-forming units (CFU)/mL were counted. The test procedure was modified from European Standard EN 1500:2013. Findings: All contaminated hands before disinfection showed a CFU-count >30,000/mL. The average bacterial counts in (CFU/mL) on both hands combined were 1017 (SD, 1391) after using ozonized water, and 2337 (SD, 4664) after alcohol hand disinfection. The median values were 500 (range, 6700) and 250 (range, 16000) respectively, a non-significant difference (P = 0.713). Twenty percent of participants reported adverse skin effects (burning/dryness) from alcohol disinfection compared with no adverse sensations with ozone. Conclusion: Ozonized tap water is an effective decontaminant of E. coli, and could be an alternative to traditional alcohol fluid hand disinfectants both in healthcare institutions and public places. Ozonized water may be particularly valuable for individuals with skin problems.

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“…Previous studies have shown ozonated water to irritate skin less than traditional sanitizers (Breidablik et al 2019;Kashiwazaki et al 2020), increasing the interest in ozonated water as an alternative handwashing treatment. However, current knowledge is based entirely on the reduction of laboratory-propagated bacterial species inoculated onto hands (Appelgrein et al 2016;Breidablik et al 2019;Nakamura et al 2018); there are currently no studies evaluating inactivation of viruses.…”

Section: Handwashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review and Research Needs of Ozone Applications Related to Virus Inactivation: Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2

Morrison

Atkinson

Zamyadi

et al. 2020

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Ozone disinfection has demonstrated high efficacy against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including viruses similar in morphology to SARS-CoV-2. Due to this efficacy, numerous gaseous and aqueous phase ozone applications have emerged to potentially inhibit virus persistence in aerosols, surfaces, and water. This review identifies the exposure requirements for virus inactivation and important safety considerations for applications within the built environment (i.e. occupied/unoccupied spaces, air/water/wastewater treatment) and healthcare settings (i.e. ozone therapy, dentistry, handwashing, treatment of personal protection equipment (PPE)). Current research needs are presented to advance the utilization of ozone as a mitigation strategy.

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Evaluation of ozonated water using ASTM E1174 for standardized testing of handwash formulations for healthcare personnel

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Efficacy of Widely Used Hand Disinfectants Against Human Echovirus Type 11 in China

Efficacy of Widely Used Hand Disinfectants Against Human Echovirus Type 11 in China

Ozonized water as an alternative to alcohol-based hand disinfection

Critical Review and Research Needs of Ozone Applications Related to Virus Inactivation: Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2

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