Evaluation of PAMAM Dendrimers (G3, G4, and G5) in the Construction of a SPR-based Immunosensor for Cardiac Troponin T

Abstract

A SPR-based immunosensor was developed using a SAM of an alkanethiol associated with dendrimers PAMAM(G4) to enhance the sensitivity for troponin T detection in blood samples. The feasibility of using three-dimensional platforms based on dendrimers for the development of immunosensors was demonstrated by evaluating three different generations of these dendrimers (G3, G4, and G5) to detect troponin T.The results showed the efficiency of these 3D platforms in anchoring biomolecules, amplifying the detection of troponin T. The sandwich assay showed good performance for troponin T detection, using secondary monoclonal antibodies, in the concentration range of 5-300 ng mL −1 (0.14 -8.67 nmol L −1 ), R 2 =0.991, with a LOD of 3.6 ng mL −1 .The sandwich assay's applicability was demonstrated by evaluating a secondary polyclonal antibody's performance in the concentration range of 3-30 ng mL −1 , R 2 =0.998, with a LOD of 0.98 ng mL −1 . The immunosensor was applied to determine troponin T in blood plasma samples from healthy patients, with an average recovery of 88% to 104%. The performance of the SPR-based immunosensor indicates reliable results, contributing to the rapid diagnosis of heart attack, with reduced costs.

Application progress of RVG peptides to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system

“…Multifunctional dendrimers (such as PLGA, 61 PAMAM 62 ) have attracted researchers' attention as drug delivery agents because of their unique properties, such as multifunction, biocompatibility, and adjustable size. 63 RVG is usually first linked to dendrimer molecules on its surface.…”

Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges of Troponin Analysis in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have also been exploited in a variety of biosensors for the detection of cTnI, , including long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs), Au nanocrystal SPR, surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon enhanced scattering, and ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensors …”

“…Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have also been exploited in a variety of biosensors for the detection of cTnI, 146,147 including longrange surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs), 148 Au nanocrystal SPR, 149 surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy, 150 surface plasmon enhanced scattering, and ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensors. 24 LRSPPs are surface plasmon waves that can propagate; 151 LRSPP waveguide biosensors have been successfully tested and demonstrated for troponin.…”

Addressing the Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based FET Immunosensors: A Review

“…A photodetector collects the signal, converts it into an electrical signal, and processes it to be analyzed by the user. The most utilized optical immunosensors are based on the SPR phenomenon [44,45]. In piezoelectric immunosensors, on the other hand, physical or mechanical changes are converted into an electrical signal.…”