Evaluation of paraquat concentrations in paraquat poisoning

Abstract

The toxicological significance of paraquat concentrations in paraquat poisonings was evaluated by means of multivariate analysis methods. Paraquat could be determined by a newly developed procedure, which involved thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) and solid-phase extraction with a disposable octadecylsilane cartridge. This new method proved to be simple, rapid and reliable for the analysis of paraquat in our seven cases of suicidal poisoning. The relationship between plasma paraquat concentration (C) and time from ingestion (T) could be best described by the following functions. The regression equation of fatal cases was ln[ln(C X 1000)] = 2.5453 - 0.2114 lnT. The regression equation of survivors was ln[ln(C X 1000)] = 2.1041 - 0.2826 lnT. The discriminant function (D) to separate the fatal and survival cases was D = 1.3114 - 0.1617 lnT - 0.5408 [ln(C X 1000)] (fatal cases: D less than 0, survivors: D greater than 0). The discriminant function was demonstrated to have a high reliability for the toxicological significance in our seven poisoned patients. The significant correlation between plasma paraquat concentration and urine paraquat concentration (C') in our cases was obtained. The regression equation was lnC' = 0.953 lnC + 1.409. This also indicated that urinary concentrations are 3.3 - 4.5 times greater than plasma concentrations. The multiple regression equation among plasma paraquat concentration, time from ingestion, and the ingested volume (V) of Gramoxone (trade name of paraquat), was lnC = 0.009V - 0.232T + 3.612. It is suggested that the determination of paraquat is of great value, and that these data are useful in assessing the severity and predicting the outcome of poisoning for forensic and clinical purposes.

Antioxidant attenuation of ROS-involved cytotoxicity induced by Paraquat on HL-60 cells

“…As it used worldwide in agriculture, the toxicities of PQ on its untargeted organism are supposed to be well-administered. A wide spectrum of investigations pivoting on the treatment of PQ-induced diseases on humans have been conducting to either quantify the safe dosage [43,44], or to clinically monitor the long term evolution of PQ-caused disease [45]. Although its pathological mechanism remains mainly elusive, the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenic process has been evidenced [32].…”

Paraquat tongue: rebirth of paraquat intoxication

“…In clinical practice, routine investigations such as liver function tests, kidney function tests, and electrolytes are checked only to monitor baseline status of the patient. Several studies predicted survival rates in patients with paraquat intoxication by using plasma paraquat concentrations and/or clinical criteria [16][17][18][19].…”

Simultaneous determination of paraquat and diquat in serum using capillary electrophoresis

“…In particular. Pq has been encountered in cases of accidental, suicidal and homicidal poisonings (Tsunenari et al, 1975;Proudfoot ef al., 1979;Ikebuchi, 1987). Most commercial products are available as a mixture of both compounds and therefore rapid methods capable of analyzing Pq and Dq separately and simultaneously in biological fluids are required by forensic and clinical examiners.…”