Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Koçkaya, E. Arzu; Selmanoğlu, Güldeniz; Özsoy, Nesrin; Gül, Nursel

doi:10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1973

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…74 PAT exposure to male rats for 60 or 90 days caused hemorrhage, plasma cell hyperplasia, a dilation and fibrosis in the cortex, enlarged interstitial tissue between the thymic lobules, enlarged fat tissue, thinning of the cortex, and blurring of the cortico-medullary demarcation in the thymus at the concentration of 0.1 mg per kg bw. 75 Another similar study conducted by the same group shows the loss of cristae in mitochondria and chromatin margination and lysis in the nucleus in the interdigitating dendritic cells of the thymus. They also observed apoptotic body formation and cell apoptosis in dendritic cells.…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxicological effects of patulin mycotoxin on the mammalian system: an overview

Pal

Singh

Ansari

2017

Toxicology Research

115

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The mycotoxin PAT (4-hydroxy-4-furo[3,2]pyran-2[6]-one) is a secondary metabolic product of molds such as ,, and species. PAT is a common contaminant of fruit and vegetable based products, most notably apples. Despite PAT's original discovery as an antibiotic, it has come under heavy scrutiny for its potential to impart negative health effects. Studies investigating these health effects have proved its toxic potential. PAT occurrence in the food commodities poses a serious threat and necessitates novel and cost-effective mitigation methods to remove it from food products. It also creates a demand to improve handling and food processing techniques. With this being the case, several studies have been devoted to understanding the key biological and chemical attributes of PAT. While past research has elucidated a great deal, PAT contamination continues to be a challenge for the food industry. Here, we review its influence within the mammalian system, including its regulation, incidences of experimental evidence of PAT toxicity, its interaction with intracellular components, and the effects of PAT induced systemic toxicity on vital organs. Finally, key areas where future PAT research should focus to best control the PAT contamination problem within the food industry have been addressed.

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Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxicological effects of patulin mycotoxin on the mammalian system: an overview

Pal

Singh

Ansari

2017

Toxicology Research

115

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“…In animal studies, patulin administration causes damage to different organs including brain, kidney, liver (de Melo et al 2012;Song et al 2014;Boussabbeh et al 2015), thymus (Arzu Koçkaya et al 2009), and skin (Saxena et al 2009). Despite several negative effects of patulin observed in animal tissues, the molecular mechanism of toxicity is still not fully known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

2018

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Patulin is a mycotoxin that exhibits a number of toxic effects in animals. The main sources of patulin intake in human diet that was shown for EU consumers are apple juice and nectar and for this reason, apple-based food is most often monitored for this mycotoxin. However, the presence of patulin in other fruits, including stone fruits, and soft fruits has been reported as well. Most of them are seasonal, suitable for consumption for short time, and are usually processed in order to be commercially available throughout the year. Patulin can also be generated during food storage and remains stable over food processing procedures. Therefore, constant monitoring of different fruit-based products ought to be carried out to provide proper estimation of human exposure to this toxin. The preferred approach used for mycotoxin determination in a variety of foods is liquid chromatography (LC) allowing quantitative analysis of patulin content. This paper presents recently proposed LC methods with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection for patulin quantification in fruits and derived products. We focus on developments in sample preparation and the applied analytical conditions.

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“…Contact with them and with the mycotoxins which they produce is very widespread and takes place in various ways. However, it is known that food is the main source of mycotoxin intake for humans [1,37], and numerous bibliographic data confirm the multidirectional, toxic effect of various mycotoxins on the human, animal and plant organisms [1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Still, there are not many works on the harmful effects of patulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patulin exhibits a variety of effects on living organisms. This toxin can damaged a number of organs and tissues [1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and the toxic effect of patulin may be acute, subacute and chronic. What is more, the toxicity of patulin is 3-6 times higher after its intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Interleukin-6 Concentration In the Liver Of Albino Swiss Mice After Intoxication With Various Doses Of Patulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of interleukin-6 concentration in the liver of Albino Swiss mice after intoxication with various doses of patulin

Borzecki¹,

Borzecka²,

Chylińska-Wrzos³

et al. 2019

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by many species of the fungi. The toxic action of patulin mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. The aim of our work was to assess the toxic effect of patulin, based on the analysis of interleukin IL-6 concentrations in the liver of test animals loaded with different doses of this mycotoxin. The research was conducted on mice which were assigned to 6 groups receiving different doses of active substances. After decapitation, their livers were taken for laboratory testing. Our studies have shown that chronic intoxication with patulin at 0.1 LD50 leads to a statistically significant increase in IL-6 concentration in the liver of the animals. We also found that the loading of experimental animals with a single dose of patulin in the amount of 0.5 LD50 and 0.2 LD50 also leads to a statistically significant increase in this interleukin in the examined organ. There was no difference in its concentration compared to the control group only after the single dose of the lowest concentration of patulin, while the highest average IL-6 concentration was recorded in the liver of animals loaded with the highest single dose of patulin. After applying, one-time doses of this mycotoxin in the amount of 0.2 LD50 and 0.1 LD50, the mean concentrations of IL-6 in the liver in animals from these groups were statistically significantly lower. In conclusion, the analysis of the obtained results confirms the fact of the hepatotoxic effect of patulin.

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Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Toxicological effects of patulin mycotoxin on the mammalian system: an overview

Toxicological effects of patulin mycotoxin on the mammalian system: an overview

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

Evaluation of interleukin-6 concentration in the liver of Albino Swiss mice after intoxication with various doses of patulin

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