Furan is a chemical used in some industrial products and occurs naturally in heat-treated foods. We aimed to investigate the effects of orally administered furan on liver and kidney in growing Wistar male rats for 90 days. In this respect, biochemical, morphological, histopathological, and histomorphometrical examinations were performed. Three- to 4-week aged rats were divided into five groups of eight animals each; control, oil control; 2, 4, 8 mg/kg/day furan treatment groups. At the end of the experiment, antioxidant enzyme activities and serum AST, ALT, HDL, Urea, etc. levels were analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also measured in liver homogenates. Also, liver and kidney were examined morphologically and histopathologically under light microscopy. According to the results of biochemical analysis, ALT, ALP, and LDL levels in treatment groups were significantly different compared with control groups. While LDL levels in treatment groups increased significantly, ALT and ALP levels decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed in liver MDA levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in treatment groups. While IL-6 levels did not change in treatment groups, furan caused dose-dependent increases in liver TNF-α level of rats. In treatment groups, absolute and relative liver weights changed significantly, however, no significant changes were observed in kidney and relative kidney weights. Hyperemic blood vessels in the liver and congestion, edema, fibrosis, and tubular damage in the kidney of rats treated with furan were observed histopathologically. According to histomorphometric examinations, glomeruli diameters and glomerular volume decreased in the kidneys of rats in treatment groups.

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Celecoxib is intended for acute pain, menstrual cramps, pain, and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of celecoxib (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) treatment on rats orally for 28 days. We examined effects on some biochemical parameters and kidney and liver tissues of celecoxib-treated Wistar albino male rats. At the end of the study, hepatic and renal function tests were performed and liver and kidney of rats were microscopically examined to detect systemic toxicity of celecoxib. Celecoxib-treated rats had statistically significant decreases of cholesterol, total bilirubin, total protein, urea, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase levels increased in 10- and 50-mg/kg/day celecoxib-treated rats. Histological examinations showed mononuclear cell infiltration, hyperplasia, and cellular degeneration in liver and tubular damage and mononuclear cell infiltration in kidney. We suggest that high doses of celecoxib may cause changes in liver and kidney histopathology, liver function, and in some biochemical parameters.

We compared the efficacy of topical nitroglycerin and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the survival of random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats were used and a dorsal, cranially-based random-pattern flap was raised. The rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. The first group had only the flap raised while the second and third groups were given topical nitroglycerin 5 mg or TENS for one hour a day for seven days. The amount of flap necrosis was measured on the seventh postoperative day. The mean area of necrosis in the flaps were 726.2, 544.2, and 150.0 mm2 in the control, nitroglycerin, and TENS groups, respectively. The mean percentage of flaps that necrosed were 51.9, 38.9, and 10.7 in the corresponding groups. The TENS group had significantly higher percentage area of flap surviving than the control (p < 0.0001) and nitroglycerin groups (p = 0.002). TENS, with its efficacy on survival and with negligible side-effects, could be a reliable treatment. Clinically, it can easily be used postoperatively when flaps become ischaemic, and will be tolerated well by patients.

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