Evaluation of Pesticide Residues from Conventional, Organic, and Nontreated Hops on Conventionally Hopped, Late-Hopped, and Wet-Hopped Beers

Walsh, Douglas B.; O'Neal, Sally D.; George, Ann E.; Groenendale, Daniel P.; Henderson, Ruth; Groenendale, Geoffrey M.; Hengel, Matt J.

doi:10.1094/asbcj-2016-1115-02

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This last hypothesis seems quite plausible, because they all (except bitertanol) have established limits for this matrix by Codex . In addition, concentration levels around 0.002 mg kg –1 , were close to those described for beers made with hops grown using pesticides; the average concentration found for boscalide in this case, for example, was 0.007 mg kg –1 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…40 In addition, concentration levels around 0.002 mg kg −1 , were close to those described for beers made with hops grown using pesticides; the average concentration found for boscalide in this case, for example, was 0.007 mg kg −1 . 14 The herbicide picolinafem, used to control weeds in cereal crops, was also detected in a beer sample at a very high level in relation to the other detections (0.034 mg kg −1 ). However, there was no detection in the respective malt sample, which leaves its origin in the sample open.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…12 Liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) predominates as the preferable separation/ detection technique. 8−11 Recent studies have also been carried out to determine the presence of pesticides in beer from their use in barley, 13 hops, 14 and spiked malt 15 as well. The concentration levels were generally low, which rises concern about the reuse of byproducts, such as brewers' spent grain (BSG), used as animal feed, and which has, more recently, started to be evaluated as a potential ingredient in human food.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration levels were generally low, which rises concern about the reuse of byproducts, such as brewers' spent grain (BSG), used as animal feed, and which has, more recently, started to be evaluated as a potential ingredient in human food. 16−18 Extraction methods used were QuEChERS 13,19 and liquid−liquid extraction assisted by salt addition, 14,15 and the determination techniques were LC−MS/MS, 13 gas chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (GC−MS/MS), 14,19 and gas chromatography− mass spectrometry (GC−MS). 15 It is interesting that a single analytical procedure could be employed for extraction and determination of several classes of compounds simultaneously, providing reduction in analysis time and cost and monitored scope expansion.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have also been carried out to determine the presence of pesticides in beer from their use in barley, hops, and spiked malt as well. The concentration levels were generally low, which rises concern about the reuse of byproducts, such as brewers’ spent grain (BSG), used as animal feed, and which has, more recently, started to be evaluated as a potential ingredient in human food. − Extraction methods used were QuEChERS , and liquid–liquid extraction assisted by salt addition, , and the determination techniques were LC–MS/MS, gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS), , and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiclass Analytical Method for Pesticide and Mycotoxin Analysis in Malt, Brewers’ Spent Grain, and Beer: Development, Validation, and Application

Pires

Oliveira

Gonçalves

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A multiclass analytical method to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in beer-related matrices based on the dilute and shoot approach was optimized and validated according to the European guidelines SANTE/12682/2019 and EC/401/2006. Extraction used acidified acetonitrile at 1% (v/v) acetic acid, followed by horizontal shaking homogenization, centrifugation, freeze-out step for cleanup, another centrifugation, and injection into a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system. Linearity, detection and quantification limits, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated, and 201, 184, and 176 analytes were validated for malt, beer, and brewers’ spent grain, respectively. The limits of quantification ranged between 1 and 200 μg kg–1 and between 5 and 1000 μg kg–1 for beer and malt, respectively, and expanded uncertainties ranged between 9.7 and 50%, meeting the legislation requirements. A total of 40 samples have been analyzed thus far, and 36 of them exhibited the presence of some of the analyzed substances. The validated method is reliable and easy to apply for mycotoxin and pesticide determination in complex matrices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%