Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interleukin 6 and Iron Status of Volleyball Players in a Nigerian University

Abstract

To determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron status of volleyball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing volleyball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing volleyball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean ± SD in tables and analysed using student t-test for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The results of Table 1 showed that there was increase (p=0.003) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball and no significant change (0.079) in iron after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball. Table 2 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.164) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of males compared to females and no significant change (p=0.589) in iron of males compared to females. Table 3 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.921) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years and no significant change (p=0.503) in iron of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years respectively. The study found an increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in volleyball players after games as opposed to levels before games, demonstrating that physical exercise raises interleukin 6 levels while having no impact on iron levels.

Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interleukin 6 and Iron of Volleyball Players Based on Heights and Weight of a Nigerian University Students

“…Some authors report increased IL-6 production after strenuous exercise [27] and no change [28]. Stress and oxidation can increase interleukin-6 levels and increase the inflammatory process that regulates iron production through hepcidin regulation [29,30].…”

The Vital Role of Blood Transfusions during Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review

“…Managing obstetric hemorrhage effectively often necessitates prompt and targeted interventions, with blood transfusions playing a pivotal role in stabilizing the patient and preventing severe complications. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Postpartum hemorrhage resulting from uterine atony, a failure of the uterus to contract effectively after childbirth, is one of the most common causes of excessive bleeding. Transfusions are often…”

“…Among these complications, obstetric hemorrhage and severe anemia stand as significant contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Obstetric hemorrhage, often unpredictable and rapid in onset, remains a leading cause of maternal mortality globally, accounting for approximately one-quarter of all pregnancy-related deaths. Additionally, anemia, prevalent among pregnant individuals due to increased blood volume demands and physiological changes, poses risks to both maternal and fetal health.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] The administration of blood and blood products has revolutionized obstetric care, providing a crucial lifeline in managing acute blood loss, correcting anemia, and mitigating complications during pregnancy and childbirth. While the primary focus of blood transfusions is to stabilize maternal conditions, their impact extends to ensuring the optimal growth and development of the fetus.1 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of blood transfusions during pregnancy. It will delve into the indications, benefits, and risks associated with transfusions in obstetric care.…”

Neutrophil-Derived Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes

“…Neutrophils, traditionally recognized for their role in combating infections through rapid responses and inflammatory mechanisms, are increasingly scrutinized for their impact on pregnancy outcomes [4][5][6]. The immune landscape during pregnancy undergoes dynamic alterations to accommodate the developing fetus, navigating the challenge of defending against pathogens while tolerating the semi-allogeneic nature of the placenta [7][8][9]. Amidst this immune adaptation, neutrophils stand poised at the forefront of the innate immune defense, playing a dual role in immune surveillance and inflammation [10].…”