Sports is known to increase inflammation which may in turn affect the levels of interleukin 6 and iron in the players such as in volleyball. The study was done to determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron levels of volleyball players based on heights and weights of a Nigerian University students. A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing volleyball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing volleyball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed that there was significant increase (p=0.032) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of volleyball players of 5.1-6.5M compared to volleyball players of 4.0-5.5M and no significant change (p=0.663) in iron of volleyball players 4.0-5.5M compared to volleyball players 5.1-6.5M respectively. The study showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.978) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of volleyball players of 50-65Kg compared to volleyball players of 66-85Kg and no significant change (p=0.294) in iron of volleyball players 50-65Kg compared to volleyball players 66-85Kg respectively. During exercise, interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not the iron level increase significantly based upon the height of volleyball players. Both of these parameters do not change significantly based upon their weight.

Sickle cell anaemia is an excruciating disease with anaemia as a major pathological issues in the patients. Developing worlds are affected heavily by sickle cell anaemia and in malaria endemic region with high prevalent sickle cell trait. IDA and iron deficiency anaemia are common in thyroid disease and can lead to fatigue. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause iron deficiency and anaemia. In turn, iron deficiency can also trigger hypothyroidism. Iron deficiency/IDA symptoms are similar to those of thyroid disease, making them hard to spot. Healthcare providers can order a blood test to check iron levels. This is called a serum ferritin test. Treatment for iron deficiency includes thyroid replacement medication, iron supplements, and/or a high-iron diet. Vitamins C, B6, B12, and others may improve iron absorption. When you have two conditions with similar symptoms, it can be hard to tell what's causing what symptoms. Pay attention to any new or worsening symptoms. Also, look at what does and doesn't improve with thyroid treatments. If you're still fatigued when your thyroid levels return to normal, talk to your doctor about the possibility of iron deficiency and IDA. Keywords: hyperthyroidism, anaemia, sickle cell, nutritional and anaemia.

Iron-deficiency anemia is the most frequent form of anemia in pregnancy and can have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. The majority of women do not have adequate iron stores to meet the dramatic increase in requirements during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. However, there is increasing evidence that intravenous iron is more effective, provides more rapid haemoglobin correction, corrects iron stores and is better tolerated than oral iron in treating iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The reported prevalence of anemia in this study is high and routine screening of pregnant women is highly recommended and further studies to explore during pregnancy is a public health problem in developed and developing countries. Pregnant women are at risk of developing anemia due to increased nutrient needs which include iron, folate and Vitamin B12 and haemo-dilution during pregnancy. Keywords: Anemia, heamoglobin, red cells, pregnancy, Africa.

The study was done to determine the levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, iron status, hepcidin and haematological parameters of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Southeast, Nigeria. This study was carried out at the directly observed treatment-short course Tuberculosis (TB DOTS) centre of Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, located in South-Eastern Nigeria. Therefore, sample size of 240 was used to give room for attrition. A total of two hundred and forty (240) subjects aged 18-60 years were enlisted for this study. Seven milliliters (7ml) of venous blood was collected from each subject and 2.5 ml was dispensed into bottles containing di-potassium salt of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (K2-EDTA) and was used for full blood count, CD4 count and HIV screening. Also, 4.5ml was dispensed into plain tubes. Serum was obtained after clotting by spinning at 3000 RPM for 10 minutes and was used for interferon gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, iron and hepcidin determination. Data was analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. Student t-test, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Pearson Product Moment and Chi-Square were the tools employed. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and are presented in table and significance level was set at P<0.05.The results showed difference that was statistically significant (P<0.05) in IFN-γ (P=0.000), IL-6 (P=0.000) IL-10 (P=0.000), CD4 (P=0.000), hepcidin (P=0.000), Iron (P=0.000), TIBC (P=0.000), %TSA  (P=0.001) ,WBC (P=0.000), Neutrophils (P=0.000), Lymphocyes (P=0.000), Monocytes (P=0.000), Eosinophils (P=0.000), Basophils (P=0.018), RBC (P=0.000), haemoglobin (P=0.000), PCV (P=0.000), MCV (P=0.000), MCH (P=0.000), MCHC (P=0.000), Platelets (P=0.000), ESR (P=0.000) when compared among  control, TB, HIV and TB-HIV subjects respectively. The co infection of HIV on pulmonary TB patients increases the levels of the cytokines. The cytokines and hepcidin can be used as adjunct to prognostic and diagnostic markers as their levels decreased with increased duration of treatment of the patients. The study has shown wide variations in the haemtological indices studied.

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem, it increases heart-related diseases and its prevalence continues to increase due to genetic and lifestyle influences. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters of obese individuals based on gender in the Omisanjana region of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The research is based on a cross-sectional study of obese and non-obese individuals in hospitals. The study was carried out in the Omisanjana area of ​​Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and participated in the study. The data are shown in the table and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are analyzed using the Student's t test of the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS, version 20.0), and the level of significance is established at p≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant difference in PCV (p=0.3783), WBC (p=0.501), LYM (p=0.149), GRAN (p=0.336), MID (p=0.242), ,RBC (p=0.243), HGB (p=0.086), HCT (p=0.323), MCV (p=0.943), MCH p=0.097), MCHC (p=0.922), PLT (p=0.941), when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on sex respectively. Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant changes, and it may be because there are no significant changes in the physiological factors and the growth factors of the precursor cells in the bone marrow, so the body mass index (BMI) has no effect on hematological parameters.