Evaluation of Pollutant Gases Emitted by Ethanol and Gasoline Powered Vehicles

Tavares, Juliana; Sthel, Marcelo Silva; Campos, Layse; Rocha, Mila Vieira da; Lima, Guilherme Rodrigues; Silva, M.G. da; Vargas, H.

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2011.03.007

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cases 5 and 6 (which have water injection) indicate relative reductions of 10.4% and 25.3% in NOx emissions, respectively. The ethanol content itself demonstrated a decrease in NOx emission; this observation is consistent with some of the previous studies [10][11][12][13][14] and is primarily due to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature [15].…”

Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This was attributed to a faster ame speed, which produced a higher peak pressure and, therefore, a higher peak temperature in the combustion process. However, there are some discrepancies in the literature on the e ect of ethanol on NOx emissions of SI engines [10], and there are a number of other studies that have demonstrated a reduction in NOx emissions using ethanol gasoline blends [11][12][13][14]. This has been attributed to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature and reduces thermal NOx formation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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Abstract. The use of arti cial neural network in conjunction with arti cial bee colony algorithm is proposed as a method for performance and emissions optimization of an SI engine. The case study here involves the oxygen enriched combustion of an SI engine fueled with hydrous ethanol and gasoline. In this study, the engine was considered as a black box and its performance and emissions were extracted experimentally at di erent intake air oxygen concentrations, hydrous ethanol injection rates, and ethanol concentration in the hydrous ethanol mixture. Then, the simultaneous injection of hydrous ethanol and oxygen enriched combustion was investigated to maximize the fuel conversion e ciency and minimize the CO and NOx emissions. Therefore, an objective function consisting of both the emission and performance parameters was optimized using the Arti cial Bee Colony algorithm. The engine model used in this optimization process was obtained from an Arti cial Neural Network trained with experimental engine data. For operating speed of 3000 rpm, the optimization results indicated 1.21% improvement in fuel conversion e ciency and 31.11% and 13.94% reduction in CO and NOx emissions, respectively. At the speed of 2000 rpm, fuel conversion e ciency improved by 4.11% and CO emission decreased by 18.73%, while NOx concentration increased by 28.35%.

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Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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“…Outros, em menor número, utilizam analisadores portáteis para estimar as emissões gasosas decorrentes de veículos automotores em um ciclo de condução pré-definido (i.e. real), em marcha-lenta e/ou a 2500 rpm (HAN-SEN, 2008;ACHOUR, 2011;CONAMA Nº 451/2012;TAVARES, 2011). Em geral, as emissões durante a operação do veículo são classificadas em: (i) partida a frio; (ii) partida a quente e (iii) condições estabilizadas.…”

Section: Ações E Políticas Públicasunclassified

“…A quantidade de poluentes emitidos na partida a frio torna-se significativamente maior em comparação às condições estabilizadas de temperatura do (HANSEN, 2008;TAVARES et al, 2011;TU et al, 2013). Conforme reportado por alguns autores, um motor a diesel em marcha-lenta pode consumir cerca de 2,5 litros por hora, enquanto que um motor a gasolina pode chegar a um consumo de 3,5 litros por hora.…”

Section: Emissões De Nox E So2: Partidas a Frio/ Quente E Marchalentaunclassified

Avaliação das emissões de escapamento veicular em condições específicas do motor: partida e marcha-lenta

et al. 2015

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Resumo: O crescimento exponencial do quantitativo de veículos automotores no Brasil, sobretudo nos grandes centros urbanos, contribui com a emissão de elevadas taxas de poluentes atmosféricos comprometendo a qualidade do ar e, consequentemente, a saúde da população. Este trabalho possui como objetivo principal avaliar as emissões de poluentes atmosfé-ricos oriundas de veículos automotores equipados com motor ciclo Otto (gasolina e álcool) e/ou ciclo Diesel em condições específicas do motor, nomeadamente, partida (a frio ou a quente) e marcha-lenta. Os resultados ratificam a importância de se considerar o adicional das emissões de poluentes da partida a frio, uma vez que os veículos a álcool e a gasolina atingiram elevadas concentrações de emissão de CO e HC e, no caso do diesel, o NOx. Em geral, o procedimento utilizado neste estudo para análise dos gases de escapamento de forma instantânea, mostrou-se eficiente na demonstração do adicional da partida a frio em relação às condições estabilizadas de operação do motor. Durante a partida a frio, observam-se os maiores níveis de emissões de HC e CO para o veículo movido a E100, o que se deve principalmente às características físico-químicas do etanol, como o alto calor latente de vaporização. Em termos gerais, a metodologia simples e acessível utilizada nesta pesquisa pode ser útil em diagnósticos de emissões veiculares, como também no monitoramento e manutenção veicular regular/preventiva de fontes móveis de emissão de poluentes, além de corroborar para o estudo do adicional de emissões nas condições avaliadas (i.e. inventários de emissões atmosféricas).Palavras-chave: Emissão veicular, Poluição do ar, Ciclos Otto/Diesel, Combustão. Abstract:The increased exponential of the quantitative of vehicles in Brazil, especially in great urban centers, contributes to high rates of emissions of atmospheric pollutants, increased poor air quality and affecting health of the population. This work has as main objective to evaluate the air pollutant emissions from automotive vehicles equipped with Otto (gasoline e ethanol) or Diesel cycle engine under to start (cold or hot engine) and idling conditions. The results showed the importance for cold start for emissions, once vehicles to ethanol and gasoline attained high emission concentrations of CO and HC and, in the case of diesel, NOx. The proceeding used to analysis of instantly pollutants from exhaust tip was efficient to cold start in relationship stabilization conditions engine. Through in the cold start engine have observed in higher levels emissions to HC and CO vehicle with E100, which in especially due to chemical and physic characteristics of ethanol, as well as high latent heat of vaporization. In general, the method used proved to be simple and affordable, it can be useful in diagnostics for vehicle emissions, as also in the monitoring and maintaining regular/preventive vehicular emission sources of pollutants, as well as to support for study of additional emissions to evaluate these conditions (i.e emission inventorie...

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“…Every bio-additive has their own special capability to reduce the emission for the environment. Ethanol-petrol mixture for flex fuel engine has the capability to reduce the NOx emission [11] CO, volatile organic compound (VOC) and unburned hydrocarbon [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol

Mokhtar

Atan

Rahman

et al. 2015

AMM

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Abstract.Bio-additive is biodegradable and produces less air pollution thus significant for replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threats to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. Bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy for SI engine and some of the bio-additive has the ability to reduce the total CO 2 emission from the internal petrol engine.This review paper focuses to determine a new approach in potential of bio-additives blends operating with bio-petrol on performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine. It is shown that the variant in bio-additives blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. It seems that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the friction coefficient. The review concludes that the additive usage in bio-petrol is inseparable for the better engine performance and emission control and further research is needed to develop bio-petrol specific additives.

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Evaluation of Pollutant Gases Emitted by Ethanol and Gasoline Powered Vehicles

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Avaliação das emissões de escapamento veicular em condições específicas do motor: partida e marcha-lenta

Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol

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