Evaluation of pyrolytic-graphite-coated tubes for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Sturgeon, Ralph E.; Chakrabarti, Chuni L.

doi:10.1021/ac50009a033

Cited by 89 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Gilmutdinov and Harnly 1 have reported that achieving photometric accuracy requires integration in the absorbance domain with respect to wavelength, height in the furnace and time. The spectroscopic community is well aware of the necessity of a small time interval (high data acquisition frequency, usually 60 Hz) 2,3 to ensure the temporal accuracy for the transient furnace signals. The advantages of enhanced spectral and spatial resolution, as advocated by Harnly and coworkers 4,5 and Gilmutdinov and co-workers, [6][7][8][9][10][11] are less well recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnly

Gil'mutdinov

Schuetz

et al. 2001

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (CS-AAS) instrument consisting of a high-resolution echelle spectrometer and a two dimensional charge coupled device (2D-CCD) with a high frame rate was used to measure intensities as a function of height and time in the graphite furnace. The image of the furnace was reduced to a height less than that of the entrance slit to allow the full vertical profile of the furnace to be viewed. Spatially resolved absorbance, A SR , was computed as the average of the computed absorbances for each of the vertical elements, or pixels. Spatially integrated absorbance, A SI , was computed by summing the intensities for each of the vertical pixels and computing a single absorbance. A SR and A SI were computed for three viewing regions: the full image of the furnace (a 6 mm region), the image of the region above the platform (a 4 mm region) and a 2 mm region anywhere within the furnace, which corresponds to a sub-sample of the furnace image with a 2 mm slit height. Photometric errors induced by analyte non-homogeneity were greatest for platform atomization when the full furnace image was viewed and for either platform or wall atomization when a 2 mm sub-section of the furnace was viewed. These photometric errors had the potential for producing analytical errors only when a 2 mm sub-section was viewed. Analytical errors introduced by photometric errors for just four elements in a single standard reference material, Citrus Leaves, ranged from z5% to 215%. These results suggest that photometric error is problematic for conventional line source AAS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnly

Gil'mutdinov

Schuetz

et al. 2001

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Since the early years of the development of ETAAS, it is evident that the nature of the atomizer surface affects the atomization processes. [1][2][3] In the case of graphite tubes, formation of stable carbides or oxides (due to residual oxygen trapped on the active graphite sites) has led to poor sensitivity for many elements. [4][5][6][7] The attempt to modify the graphite surface in order to improve the performance has become an interesting area of research and the number of publications in this field exceeds 400.…”

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confidence: 99%

Zirconium–iridium coating as a permanent modifier for determination of tin in stream sediment, oyster tissue and total diet slurries by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Meeravali

Kumar

2002

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Therefore, for the determination of chromium by AAS with a graphite furnace, the uses of a pyrolytic graphite tube 10 and coated tubes with such elements as tungsten [13][14][15] , zirconium 15 and lanthanum 16 have been recommended, and several matrix modifiers, such as magnesium nitrate 17,18 , a mixture of nitrates of magnesium and palladium 15 and a mixture of nitrates of magnesium and nickel 19 , have also been used. Similarly, for the determination of molybdenum, the use of a pyrolytic graphite tube 11,20 and a coated tube with lanthanum 21 has been reported, and matrix modifiers, such as nitrates of magnesium and nickel 19 , and nitrates of palladium and magnesium 22 have been proposed.…”

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confidence: 99%