Evaluation of R448A and R450A as low-GWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model

Mendoza-Miranda, Juan Manuel; Mota-Babiloni, Adrián; Navarro-Esbrí, Joaquin

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.064

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ODP value of two gases according to equation (8) was that SF 6 gas has a value of 0.08 times that of CO 2 gas, while the ODP value of CF 3 CHCl 2 gas had a value of 0.016 times the gas from CO 2 gas. c. The Alt value of two gases according to equation (9) was that SF 6 gas had an Alt value of 3200 years while CF 3 CHCl 2 gas had an Alt value of 1.5 years. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown Voltage SF6 Versus CF3CHCl2 Gas as Alternative for Gas Insulation Applied

Juliandhy¹,

Haryono²,

Firmansyah³

et al. 2018

IJET

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Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas is a filling gas in Gas Insulated Switchgear equipment whose existence starts to be limited and reduced in accordance with amendments to the Kyoto Protocol. The utilization of new gas included in the list of recommendations for the Kyoto Protocol enters the implementation and application phases. Dichlorotriflouroethane gas has equivalent capability even better than SF 6 gas so it is feasible to be recommended as a potential gas for SF 6 gas replacement. Experimental HV testing showed the gas capability to withstand breakdown voltage reaching 837 kV and had a technoeconomic value 0.2 times cheaper than SF 6 gas. In the future CF 3 CHCl 2 gas is very feasible and can be recommended as an environmentally friendly gas and is feasible as a potential alternative gas substitute for circuit breaker equipment in substation equipment that uses gas as a substitute for SF 6 gas. Keyword-SF 6 , Gas Insulated Switchgear, Protocol Kyoto, Techno-economic I. INTRODUCTION Discussing the power system cannot be separated from electrical material as an electrical equipment material or as an insulating media material on the electrical equipment used. Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is electrical equipment that functions as a voltage separator in GIS equipment that uses gas media as an insulation medium and as an electric fire extinguishing medium due to the switching process [1]-[4]. Use of SF 6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride) gas as an insulator and fire arc extinguisher like a double-edged knife. On the function side, it is proven that SF 6 gas is very reliably used in GIS equipment because it has the ability to withstand 623 kV breakdown voltage and has the ability to extinguish electric arcs when moving quickly. The ability of SF 6 gas as a filler for GIS equipment is not offset by the environmentally friendly effects often voiced by environmental activists during this decade. SF 6 gas has S (sulfur) and F (Flor) compounds in the formation of its chemical compounds. The results of the Kyoto Protocol identified that SF 6 gas was a gas that was not environmentally friendly and its used requires restrictions until the discovery of new gas as a substitute for SF 6 gas for GIS fillers [5]-[8]. SF 6 gas is the cause of the greenhouse effect and acid rain on the environment [9]-[11]. An active role is needed for researchers to be able to develop equipment and use of environmentally friendly materials as mandated in the Kyoto Protocol. Dichlorotriflouroethane (CF 3 CHCl 2) gas is one of the gases recommended by the Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol as a potential gas alternative for SF 6 gas replacement which has the capability as a gas insulating material because of its ability to withstand greater breakdown stresses and the ability to extinguish the arc as gas has SF6. CF 3 CHCl 2 gas as a substitute for alternative gas for SF 6 gas has several conditions so that it can be applied to GIS equipment as an insulation medium and electric arc fire extinguisher. Needed requirements: 1. Capability as insulation in resisting bre...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown Voltage SF6 Versus CF3CHCl2 Gas as Alternative for Gas Insulation Applied

Juliandhy¹,

Haryono²,

Firmansyah³

et al. 2018

IJET

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“…The R134A, is a generation of HFC that possess zero ODP and a GWP = 1800 [14], that was developed for the R22, but it has a low refrigerant effect. The R513A, R515A, R450A, R456A were developed to be alternatives to R134, but the performances of all refrigerants were nearly [15][16][17][18], subsequently, the refrigerant developed to the R404A. The fourth generation R404A was the baseline for this research, and is currently the most used refrigerant, as shown Figure 5 below [7].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Refrigerantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

Saengsikhiao¹,

Taweekun²,

Maliwan³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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This study presents the energy saving characteristics of the R448A, instead of the R404A refrigeration system, in 5 convenience stores, with a total of 150 m 2 , situated in Central Thailand. The R448A hydrofluorocarbons/hydrofluoroolefins (HFCs/HFOs) (GWP=1390) is a non-azeotropic mixture of R32 (26%), R125 (26%), R1234yf (20%), R134a (21%) and R1234ze (E) (7%), which can be retrofitted to replace the R404A refrigeration system. The R404A hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (GWP=3735) is a near azeotropic mixture of R125 (44%), R143A (52%), R134A (4%). Both refrigerants are composed of polyol ester oil (POE), are incombustible and non-toxic. The R448A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) and lower global warming potentials (GWP) than the R404A due to its hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 component and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) R1234yf/R1234ze (E) component, as opposed to the R404A. This was determined by measuring power consumption (kWh) and the ambient temperature (°C) through the use of power meters and temperature data logger respectively. The result obtained was able to summarize the relationship of all the parameters concerned, and showed an energy-saving average of 7.9%, i.e. 28,273 kWh/year per 5 stores, and a decreased global warming potential (GWP) of 70%, through the use of a digital scroll compressor.

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“…The R134A, is a generation of HFC that possess zero ODP and a GWP = 1800, that was developed for the R22, but it has a low refrigerant effect [38]. The R513A, R515A, R450A, R456A were developed to be alternatives to R134, but the performances of all refrigerants were nearly, subsequently, the refrigerant developed to the R404A [11][12][13][14]. The fourth generation R404A was the baseline for this research, and is currently the most used refrigerant, as shown Figure 5 below [6].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Refrigerantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance Simulation of The New R463A HFC/HFO/Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant with Lower GWP, As an Alternate Option for The R404A Refrigeration System

Saengsikhiao

Taweekun

Maliwan

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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This study presents the performance simulation of the R463A that has been developed to be retrofitted to replace the R404A. The R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbon/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2). The R463A refrigerant (GWP=1494) is a non azeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). It is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and classified as a Class A1 incombustible and non-toxic refrigerant. The R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than the R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and also has a lower global warming potential (GWP) than the R404A due to the hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) by R1234yf. The properties of the R463A and R404A that uses the REFPROP and CYCLE_D-HX software, is in accordance to the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard airconditioning , heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a lower GWP value by 63% than the R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A, i.e. it can be used in a high ambient temperature environment, and emits a higher refrigerant effect and heat reject with a lower global warming potential (GWP) than the R404A by 52%, due to its hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) by R1234yf component. The COP of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A by 10% under low temperature application.

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Evaluation of R448A and R450A as low-GWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Breakdown Voltage SF6 Versus CF3CHCl2 Gas as Alternative for Gas Insulation Applied

Breakdown Voltage SF6 Versus CF3CHCl2 Gas as Alternative for Gas Insulation Applied

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

The Performance Simulation of The New R463A HFC/HFO/Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant with Lower GWP, As an Alternate Option for The R404A Refrigeration System

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