Evaluation of repeated electrowetting on three different fluoropolymer top coatings

Koo, Bonhye; Kim, Chang‐Jin

doi:10.1088/0960-1317/23/6/067002

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Amorphous materials with only CF 2 groups, for example Cytop [84], while excellent insulators are not sufficiently hydrophobic to be used on the standard architecture shown in Figure 5. At the same time there remain opportunities to enhance device performance by introducing stacked dielectrics with a hydrophobic top layer [85,86].…”

Section: Insulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW OF PAPER-LIKE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES (Invited Review)

Bai¹,

Hayes²,

Jin³

et al. 2014

PIER

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Abstract-With the advancement of wireless networks and cloud computing, people are becoming increasingly surrounded by a variety of displays -rich electronic devices: TV, Phone, Pad, Notebook and other portable or wearable devices. These electronic products put high demands on the quality of the visual interface. Paper-like displays are reflective and do not require a backlight. They have received much attention after electrophoretic-based electronic paper displays were commercialized in 2004. Paper-like displays combine excellent reading experience with ultra-low power consumption. In particular, their outdoor readability is superior to transmissive liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). In this paper, we give an overview on various paper-like display technologies with emphasis of the status and future development of electrophoretic display and electrofluidic display principles. We focus on both technologies because electrophoretic displays have been commercialized successfully, and electrofluidic display has high potential to deliver video and full color.

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Section: Insulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW OF PAPER-LIKE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES (Invited Review)

Bai¹,

Hayes²,

Jin³

et al. 2014

PIER

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“…However, long-term reliability seems to suffer due to charge trapping that will be discussed in later section (22). Other polymers such as SU-8, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have also been used as insulating material, but due to the thickness constraints (above 40 mm), the operating voltages seem impractical (300-1000 V).…”

Section: Insulator and Hydrophobic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high electric field close to the contact line can inject charges into the dielectric layer and those charges can screen the electric field (22,28). This results less contact angle change under the same applied potential overtime.…”

Section: Insulator and Hydrophobic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

Crane

2015

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Electrowetting is a phenomenon in which an electric field at a fluid interface changes the equilibrium interface position. This is generally observed as a quadratic relationship between the applied voltage and the change in the cosine of the apparent contact angle. While the phenomena were first observed more than 100 years ago, until recently, applications were limited by poor reliability. The application of modern materials and manufacturing methods has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of devices that show excellent repeatability. Applications range from focusing lenses to miniature biomedical diagnostics and optical displays. The article reviews the basic electrowetting phenomena, the characteristics of key configurations, and key materials issues in fabricating reliable electrowetting devices. Some practical applications and modeling approaches of the electrowetting phenomena are also reviewed.

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“…In contrast with aluminum oxide where metal and oxygen ion transport numbers are relatively close, tantalum oxide shows a metal ion transport number averaging around 0.3 [106], which results in excess oxygen vacancies at the metal/film interface. The calculated donor density for thicknesses of 34, 49, and 64 nm ( Figure 27(b)) is roughly 7x10 16 cm -3 , several orders of magnitude lower than both the interfaces in aluminum oxide (Figure 20(b)). The flat band of -0.9 vs. MSE agrees very closely to the value of -0.95 V vs. MSE obtained in a photoelectrochemical study [107].…”

Section: Mott-schottky Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Teflon [14], Cytop [15], and FluoroPel [16]. However, using the analysis in Figure 1, in order to decrease the operation voltage from using at least 40 V with a 400 nm dielectric layer, an additional layer is required, since various hydrophobic polymers have similar breakdown field and dielectric constant values, limiting the parameter space.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Voltage Electrowetting-on-Dielectric for Microfluidic Systems

Mibus¹

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Manipulating fluids in micro to nano-liter volumes poses significant challenges, due to the dominance of surface forces with increasingly large surface to volume ratios. Commonly, external pumps or precisely micromachined on-chip pumps were used to generate pressure gradients to induce fluid motion. Alternatively, the wettability of a surface can be manipulated by an applied electric field. This phenomenon, known as electrowetting, consists in the spread of a liquid drop placed on an electrode upon application of a voltage. Electrowetting based devices flourished upon the discovery that an added dielectric layer between the drop and a conductive electrode would tolerate the application of large voltages, allowing for significant contact angle change. Several current commercial devices exploiting this effect include electro-optic displays, electronic paper, and variable focus lenses.Additionally, electrowetting has achieved particular prominence in lab-on-a-chip applications, controlling drop transport across patterned electrode structures.Initially, polymers were utilized as the dielectric layer preventing current flow between the fluid and electrode, while providing a hydrophobic surface to minimize the resistance of drop movement.However, these layers were typically in excess of one micron thickness. As a consequence, these layers required over 100 Volts to achieve appreciable contact angle change. This dissertation aims to reduce the voltage dependence for contact angle change by optimization of a dual layer structure utilizing a dielectric and hydrophobic layer. The dielectric layer uses aluminum and tantalum oxides (15-44 nm thick) formed by electrochemical anodization. The electronic and ionic conduction, breakdown characteristics, and dielectric properties of these films were studied in detail, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the charge transport and failure mechanisms. Three hydrophobic layer were investigated: a commercial fluoropolymer Cytop, and two self-assembled monolayers 3

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Evaluation of repeated electrowetting on three different fluoropolymer top coatings

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

REVIEW OF PAPER-LIKE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES (Invited Review)

REVIEW OF PAPER-LIKE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES (Invited Review)

Electrowetting Effect: Theory, Modeling, and Applications

Low Voltage Electrowetting-on-Dielectric for Microfluidic Systems

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