Evaluation of Repellency Effect of Two Natural Aroma Mosquito Repellent Compounds, Citronella and Citronellal*

Abstract

Repellent efficacies of two natural aroma compounds, citronella and citronellal, against mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pallens, were evaluated both in field and in vitro. In vitro, the experiment was conducted with three controlled bands impregnated with 30% citronella extract, 15% citronella extract and 30% citronellal extract, and with bands impregnated 30% citronella in field. Data was obtained by the means of counting numbers bitten by mosquitoes per unit time, namely human bait method. Percentage repellencies of above three controlled bands were calculated at 86%, 73%, and 78%, respectively in vitro, and 80% in field, showing high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. This estimation was also confirmed by t‐test compared between control group and each experimental group.

Differential expression of olfactory genes in the southern house mosquito and insights into unique odorant receptor gene isoforms

“…They responded to both compounds in a dose-dependent fashion (EC 50 , 16 μM, ethyl 2-phenyl acetate; 276 μM, citronellal) (Fig. S7B), thus demonstrating that the receptor was functional and interestingly narrowly tuned to two compounds of unrelated chemical structures, one of which, citronellal, is a known insect repellent (33). Next, we tested the effect of ethyl 2-phenylacteate on mosquito behavior.…”

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

“…Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) has been extensively studied due to its repellent effect against mosquitoes (Trongtokit et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005;Müller et al, 2008;Yang, Ma, 2005). It is considered effective when used alone at concentrations of 0.05% to 15%, in combination with natural or synthetic repellent compounds (Fradin, Day, 2002).…”

“…The nanosized droplets (69 nm) improved the adherence formation of a dense film on the skin which prevents evaporation of the water. This justifies the use of rice bran oil NE developed as an adjuvant for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (Bernardi et al, 2011).Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) has been extensively studied due to its repellent effect against mosquitoes (Trongtokit et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005;Müller et al, 2008;Yang, Ma, 2005). It is considered effective when used alone at concentrations of 0.05% to 15%, in combination with natural or synthetic repellent compounds (Fradin, Day, 2002).…”

Mosquito repellent from Thai essential oils against dengue fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti (L.)) and filarial mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus (Say))

“…However, C. nardus oil also has been traditionally used in Thai medicine to repel mosquitoes in rural of Thailand and this oil produces the most used natural repellents in the world (Trongtokit et al, 2005). Citronella oil mosquito repellency has also been verified by Kim et al (2005), including effectiveness in repelling A. aegypti, but requires reapplication after 30 to 60 min. Research also indicates that citronella oil is an effective repellent for body louse, head louse and stable flies (Baldacchino et al, 2013;Mumcuoglu et al, 1996Mumcuoglu et al, , 2004.…”