Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation rates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells tested in automotive conditions

Gazdzick, Pawel; Mitzel, Jens; Sánchez, Daniel García; Schulze, Mathias; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.049

Cited by 87 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The degradation studies have been usually performed using either accelerated stress tests (AST) or in constant operation conditions. Automotive operation conditions, however, exhibit a highly dynamic load profile with shut‐down interruptions that have a significant impact on the recovery of reversible losses . To the best of our knowledge, a systematic study on the impact of Pt‐loading on both performance and degradation performed in automotive operation conditions has not been published so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It can be concluded that cathode Pt loadings between 0.3 and 0.4 mg cm −2 represent an upper threshold value below which reversible degradation effects have a major impact on the performance decay independent on the current density at which the cells are operated. A similar behavior has been observed in our recent paper where reversible and irreversible degradation of MEAs with cathodic loadings of 0.4 and 0.2 mg cm −2 has been studied .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, fuel cell operation and conditioning was started by using hydrogen and air. For more details on the used recovery procedure of reversible degradation losses, the reader is referred to our recent publication .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

et al. 2017

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The paper focuses on the investigation of durability and performance of a low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack as a function of Pt loading in automotive test conditions. Major motivations are problems related to the need to reduce the amount of Pt in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in order to make PEMFC more competitive. The particular challenge is to maintain sufficiently high performance and long‐term durability. The study shows that for cathode Pt loadings below 0.2 mg cm−2 and for current densities exceeding 1 A cm−2 a sudden drop of performance is observed. The same threshold value is found for the increase of irreversible voltage losses which lead to an intense reduction of PEMFC durability for cathodic loadings below 0.2 mg cm−2. Another durability issue at cathodic Pt loadings < 0.4 mg cm−2 is the acceleration of reversible degradation, which leads to a strong voltage drop during continues fuel cell operation (i.e., without a recovery interruption).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

et al. 2017

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“…The quick failure of cell‐1 tested at 64 °C was possibly due to this test station shut down. The recovery of OCV after each shut down and restart was observed , and could be explained by water accumulation in the stack that increases the hydration level of the MEA. The OCV lifetime for the stack at 95 °C was determined to be 168 h, while the lifetime of the stack at 64 °C was remarkably extended beyond 700 h. Since the testing was stopped after 700 h of OCV testing, the OCV lifetime of the samples was extrapolated with linear fitting of the experimental OCV curve from 300 h to 700 h. The lifetime of the sample tested at 64 °C/60% RH was estimated as 1,100 h, demonstrating over one order of magnitude longer lifetime than the baseline (82 h at 95°C/30% RH, see Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Fuel Cell Operating Conditions on Proton Exchange Membrane Durability at Open‐Circuit Voltage

et al. 2020

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) continue to face cost and durability challenges which need to be addressed before their large scale commercialization. The PEM is an essential component of the fuel cell stack and its durability is thus a critical factor for the overall fuel cell reliability. Significant membrane degradation leads to the development of internal transfer leaks and cell short circuiting irreversibly affecting the fuel cell's functionality. In this study, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes were investigated for the effects of operating temperature and relative humidity on membrane durability using an open circuit voltage (OCV) accelerated stress test. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate and optimize the effects of the operating temperature and humidity. As a result, the optimum fuel cell operational region was mapped and suggested as an alternative approach to maintain membrane durability without modifying membrane materials. The mapping could provide valuable guidelines for PEMFC designers and system engineers to optimize the operating conditions during idling to achieve a targeted membrane lifetime.

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“…However, operating with large and fast transients in a load power is likely to drastically reduce the service life of the fuel cell, mainly due to failure, by various mechanisms, of the cells' membrane-electrode assemblies [14][15][16]. Fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems allow, by adopting appropriate energy management strategies [17][18][19][20][21], the use of the fuel cell as a stationary power generator.…”

Section: Structure and Operating Principles Of An Electric Vehicle Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

et al. 2018

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Recent environmental and climate change issues make it imperative to persistently approach research into the development of technologies designed to ensure the sustainability of global mobility. At the European Union level, the transport sector is responsible for approximately 28% of greenhouse gas emissions, and 84% of them are associated with road transport. One of the most effective ways to enhance the de-carbonization process of the transport sector is through the promotion of electric propulsion, which involves overcoming barriers related to reduced driving autonomy and the long time required to recharge the batteries. This paper develops and implements a method meant to increase the autonomy and reduce the battery charging time of an electric car to comparable levels of an internal combustion engine vehicle. By doing so, the cost of such vehicles is the only remaining significant barrier in the way of a mass spread of electric propulsion. The chosen method is to hybridize the electric powertrain by using an additional source of fuel; hydrogen gas stored in pressurized cylinders is converted, in situ, into electrical energy by means of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The power generated on board can then be used, under the command of a dedicated management system, for battery charging, leading to an increase in the vehicle's autonomy. Modeling and simulation results served to easily adjust the size of the fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain. After optimization, an actual fuel cell was built and implemented on a vehicle that used the body of a Jeep Wrangler, from which the thermal engine, associated subassemblies, and gearbox were removed. Once completed, the vehicle was tested in traffic conditions and its functional performance was established.

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Evaluation of reversible and irreversible degradation rates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells tested in automotive conditions

Cited by 87 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

Effects of Fuel Cell Operating Conditions on Proton Exchange Membrane Durability at Open‐Circuit Voltage

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

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