Evaluation of Royal Sun Agaricus, Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al., Aqueous Extract in Mice Challenged with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Agaricus brasiliensis S. Wasser et al. (=Agaricus blazei Murrill sensu Heinem.) aqueous extract on small intestinal sIgA levels, serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels, splenic index, bacterial translocation, and histology of small intestine, spleen, and liver from mice orally challenged with 10(6) CFU of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (SEST). Splenic index values as well as sIgA, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 levels were not affected by either A. brasiliensis aqueous extract treatment or by pathogenic challenge. Typical colonies of SEST were recovered from liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of challenged animals, but there was no significant difference in this translocation between groups treated or not with A. brasiliensis aqueous extract. Translocation was confirmed by histopathological analysis in mice challenged with SEST, which showed small and diffuse foci of mixed inflammatory infiltrate in hepatic parenchyma. In conclusion, A. brasiliensis aqueous extract as tested in the present study did not influence any of the variables selected to evaluate in vivo its immunomodulatory effect suggested in the literature.

Chemical characterization and biological activity of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a medicinal “mushroom”

“…Based on its immunomodulatory effects, ABM was previously found to show protective activity against bacterial disease (Rumbaugh et al 2009, Coates et al 2002, CDC, 2013, Stojkovic et al 2014. Antimicrobial effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis and Streptococcus pneumoniae had been related with the immune system (Coates et al 2002, Stojkovic et al 2014, but this was contradicted by the study of Fantuzzi et al (2011) who described that ABM extract did not promote immunostimulation and protection during experimental Salmonella enterica infection in 5 mice. The finding of Fantuzzi et al (2011) was a good reason for us to look for possible anti-QS properties of ABM extracts.…”

“…Antimicrobial effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis and Streptococcus pneumoniae had been related with the immune system (Coates et al 2002, Stojkovic et al 2014, but this was contradicted by the study of Fantuzzi et al (2011) who described that ABM extract did not promote immunostimulation and protection during experimental Salmonella enterica infection in 5 mice. The finding of Fantuzzi et al (2011) was a good reason for us to look for possible anti-QS properties of ABM extracts. MIC's and MBC's of these extracts turned out equal to or better for inactivation of P. aeruginosa than those of ampicillin and streptomycin.…”

Agaricus Blazei Hot Water Extract Shows Anti Quorum Sensing Activity in the Nosocomial Human Pathogen Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

“…The antimicrobial effects of ABM such as against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , M. bovis and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been attributed to the immune system [5,7]. The preventive role of innate immunity was contradicted by the study of Fantuzzi et al [8] who showed that ABM extract did not promote immunostimulation and protection during experimental Salmonella enterica infection in mice.…”