Evaluation of salivary oxidative parameters in overweight and obese young adults

Abstract

Background: Obesity is characterized by a deposition of abnormal or excessive fat in adipose tissue, and is linked with a risk of damage to several metabolic and pathological processes associated with oxidative stress. To date, salivary oxidative biomarkers have been minimally explored in obese individuals. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of salivary oxidative biomarkers (ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, sulfhydryl groups) and lipid peroxidation in obese and overweight young subjects. Materials and methods: Levels of lipid peroxidation, ferricreducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and SH groups were determined in the saliva and serum of 149 young adults, including 54 normal weight, 27 overweight, and 68 obese individuals. Anthropometric measurements were also evaluated. Results: Salivary levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, sulfhydryl groups, and lipid peroxidation, as well as serum levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation were higher in obese patients when compared with individuals with normal weight. There were correlations between salivary and serum ferric-reducing antioxidant power and salivary and serum uric acid in the obese and normal-weight groups. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the increase in salivary levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, sulfhydryl groups, and lipid peroxidation, and serum levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation could be related to the regulation of various processes in the adipose tissue. These findings may hold promise in identifying new oxidative markers to assist in diagnosing and monitoring overweight and obese patients. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(2):152-9.

Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…Therefore, further researches are necessary for this area, since the salivary biomarkers seem to be a promising diagnostic material, because it is easily accessible and non-expensive. Furthermore, salivary redox biomarkers are used in the diagnosis of metabolic diseases [19][20][21][22][23][24][117][118][119][120][121] or cancer [122].…”

“…However, among all of the biomarkers measured in saliva, it is the indicators of oxidative stress that are becoming increasingly popular. Interestingly, the results of recent studies indicate the high diagnostic value of salivary redox parameters in the diagnosis of obesity [19,20], insulin resistance [21,22], chronic kidney disease [23,24], but also neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) [1,25,26]. Indeed, salivary antioxidants, as well as products of protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation, are proposed as potential diagnostic biomarkers.…”

Dysfunction of Salivary Glands, Disturbances in Salivary Antioxidants and Increased Oxidative Damage in Saliva of Overweight and Obese Adolescents

“…It has been shown that obesity results in the dysfunction of salivary glands as well as changes in salivary flow and composition [15][16][17]35]. As saliva is essential for maintaining appropriate functions of the body, such as swallowing, chewing, carbohydrate digestion, healing of the oral mucosa and tooth enamel remineralization, it is not surprising that excessive body weight increases the risk of gingivitis [36], periodontitis [37], caries [38,39] and inflammatory changes in the oral cavity mucosa [40].…”

“…The pathogenesis of salivary gland lesions in the course of obesity is not fully understood, although the influence of OS is emphasized. It has been demonstrated that adult morbid obesity is associated with disorders of antioxidant systems [15,16] and oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA [17], while bariatric treatment generally lowers the levels of salivary oxidative damage. However, it does not rescue antioxidant capacity of non-stimulated and stimulated saliva [16,17].…”

“…There have been numerous studies on OS in saliva and blood of overweight and obese adults [15][16][17][18], whereas no research has been conducted to evaluate salivary redox markers and their usefulness in diagnosing adolescents with excessive body weight. Therefore, the aim of our work is to evaluate antioxidant systems as well as oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva of overweight and obese adolescents.…”