Evaluation of Salivary Profile among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South India

Prathibha, K Muthu; Johnson, Priscilla; Mohanraj, K.; Subhashini, AS

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2013/5749.3232

Cited by 57 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…From the present study the decrease in pH of diabetics was coincide with other reports (12,25,38) , hence significant decrease in pH was demonstrated when comparing uncontrolled T2DM with healthy and controlled T2DM as well as, healthy with controlled T2DM (39) . The decrease in salivary FR and bicarbonate content consequently contributed to the more acidic saliva (38) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The higher concentrations of hydrogen ions (from salivary glands or oral microbiota), the lowest the pH, since pH level negatively correlated with proportion of periodontal pathogens, that grow in mildly acidic pH, either utilize or create products that are mild to moderately acidic in nature (29) . The decrease in salivary FR in this study coincide with others concerning CP (15,19,29) , and DM (12,24,25,40) but diverge with previous studies about CP (37) and DM (41) who reported increased of FR, on the other hand some researchers found that FR levels not affected by periodontal health status (28) or presence of DM (42) . There are multiple causes of salivary hypofunction including inflammation e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…periodontal disease (19) , hydrogen concentration, aging (40) or systemic disease e.g. DM (24) , so in this case the decrease in pH, medication givin for diabetics, poly urea and dehydration, neuropathies, microvascular changes, metabolic disturbances also, hypertrophy of salivary glands can be attributed to decrease in FR (12,25) . Positive correlations of α -Am and A1 with each other and with clinical periodontal parameters, but they were negative with FR and pH, this can be explained by the presence and increased inflammation with periodontal tissue destruction due to CP and DM which lead to increased levels of α-Am and Al but decrease in FR and pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary a-Amylase and Albumin Levels In Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Poorly or Well Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ahmed¹

2016

Iraqi dent. j.

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Background: Recent studies suggest that chronic periodontitis (CP) and type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are bidirectionally associated. Analysis of saliva as a mirror of oral and systemic health could allow identification of α amylase (α-Am) and albumin (A1) antioxidant system markers to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of both diseases. The aims of study, compare the clinical periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients with poorly or well controlled T2DM, salivary α-Am, A1, flow rate (FR) and pH then correlate between biochemical, physical and clinical periodontal parameters of each study and control groups. Materials and Methods: 80 males, with an age range of (35-50) years were divided into four groups, (20 subjects at each): two groups had well or poorly controlled T2DM both of them with chronic periodontitis, group of patients with only chronic periodontitis and control group with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy. From all subjects unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected to measure FR, pH, Al and α -Am, then clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level)were recorded. Results: patients had chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled T2DM demonstrated the highest median values of all clinical periodontal parameters and highest increase in levels of salivary α-Am and Al with lowest median values of FR and pH, in addition to the highly significant differences among the study and control groups regarding biochemical and physical parameters. Positive correlation were revealed between α-Am with Al and both of them with all clinical periodontal parameters but, they were negative with FR and pH. Conclusion: patients with poor glycemic control had more severe periodontal tissue break down with decrease in FR and pH also obvious increase in levels of A1 and α-Am so, these biochemical markers will provide an objective phenotype to allow practitioners for early diagnosis, which is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications associated with chronic periodontitis and DM and an important strategy to lower the incidence of both diseases world wide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary a-Amylase and Albumin Levels In Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Poorly or Well Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ahmed¹

2016

Iraqi dent. j.

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“…In diabetes, there is reduction in the level of bicarbonates in all body fluids which leads to metabolic acidosis of all body fluids. This explains the acidic nature of the saliva in patients with diabetes mellitus [7]. Patients with diabetes mellitus had increased DMFT score when compared to the control group [Table/ Fig-1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Seethalakshmi

Reddy

Asifa

et al. 2016

JCDR

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“…A lower flow rate of unstimulated saliva was observed in patients with type 1 [9–15] and type 2 diabetes. [16] Other studies, however, did not reveal any differences in unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 1 diabetes [17,18] and unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. [15,19,20] Numerous salivary components have been studied in relation to DM, to its duration, and metabolic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Salivary lactate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases in diabetic patients

Malicka

Skośkiewicz−Malinowska

Kaczmarek

2016

Medicine

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting from impaired insulin secretion and/or action. DM is characterized by hyperglycemia that can lead to the dysfunction or damage of organs, including the salivary glands.The aim of this study was to compare the levels of salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in diabetic patients.The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Wroclaw Medical University (Poland). The study comprised 90 adults of both sexes, aged 21 to 57 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: type 1 diabetics (D1), type 2 diabetics (D2), and a healthy control group (C). Each group consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched subjects. Total protein (P, by Lowry method), LDH, AST, ALT (with Alpha Diagnostics kits), and salivary flow rate were measured in unstimulated mixed saliva. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured with DCA 2000 Reagent Kit. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Spearman rank at a significance level of P < 0.05 with the use of STATISTICA 9.0 software.In comparison with C, D1 presented a significantly higher activity of LDH (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), and ALT (P < 0.01), whereas D2 indicated higher levels of LDH (P < 0.001) and ALT (P < 0.05) compared with C. Comparing D1 to D2, approximately 3-fold higher activity of AST (P < 0.01) and approximately 4.5-fold higher activity of ALT (P < 0.01) was observed.Higher levels of salivary LDH, AST, and ALT in D1 compared with D2 and C confirm that salivary glands of D1 might be attributed to autoimmunological damage associated with the pathomechanism of DM.

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Evaluation of Salivary Profile among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South India

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Salivary a-Amylase and Albumin Levels In Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Poorly or Well Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Salivary a-Amylase and Albumin Levels In Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Poorly or Well Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Salivary lactate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases in diabetic patients

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