Evaluation of sample preparation techniques for algal bioassays

Filip, Daniel S.; Middlebrooks, E. Joe

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90085-8

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the findings of Filip & Middlebrooks (1975), Eloranta & Laitinen (1981), de Vries & Ouboter (1985) and Anonymous (1986). Obviously, the speciation of phosphorus, which can be very important in considering its availability to algae, is altered by pretreatment due amongst other things to pH changes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The application of algal growth potential tests (AGP) to the canals and lakes of western Netherlands

Klapwijk¹,

Bolier

Does³

1989

Hydrobiologia

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Four hundred and forty bioassays with Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. as a test organism have been carried out with samples from canals and lakes in the western part of the Netherlands. The results are used to assess the algal growth potential (AGP) and to determine the limiting nutrient(s) for maximum biomass production. Special attention has been paid to the effects of deep-freezing and autoclaving as pretreatment of water samples on pH and nutrient concentrations.The AGP ranged from very low in the relatively isolated polder lakes to very high in canals and lakes, which form part of the basin system of Rijnland. The lowest yields are observed in nitrogen and phosphorus co-limited waters, while the highest are found in waters limited by nitrogen alone. AGP proved to be primarily determined by the amount of nitrogen, especially nitrate, in the samples and only secondarily by the amount of phosphorus.The observed ranges indicating phosphorus limitation, > 50 for inorganic and > 30 for total N/P ratios, lie considerably higher than reported so far. It is concluded that, once the relations between AGP and nutrients are established, AGP tests do not have to be carried out routinely, but still can be very useful in special studies, e.g. in lake restoration projects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The application of algal growth potential tests (AGP) to the canals and lakes of western Netherlands

Klapwijk¹,

Bolier

Does³

1989

Hydrobiologia

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“…While not indicated in our studies, indigenous microorganisms might compete for the available P in nonsterilized samples and thereby suppress the algal growth response in the assay. In a comparison of sterilization methods for water samples, Filip and Middlebrooks (1975) concluded that ultraviolet light treatments would be a better sterilization pretreatment because of only minimal changes in the chemical characteristic of the water sample. They reported that the autoclave pretreatment of water samples raised the pH, causing precipitation of salts and the loss of CO 2 Although the only effect of ultraviolet light exposure was the oxidation of organic and inorganic nitrogen, this is not an important issue with a P algal bioassay because the nutrient media provides all nutrients (except P) in sufficient amounts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoclaving Soil Samples Affects Algal‐Available Phosphorus

Anderson

Magdoff²

2005

J of Env Quality

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Unwanted microbial interference in samples used for biological assays of P availability has routinely been eliminated by autoclaving samples before inoculation with algae. Twenty-three soils were selected to evaluate the relationship between algal growth in P-deficient solutions containing small quantities of soil and the level of P determined by a variety of tests used to evaluate P availability in soils and sediments. Soils were either autoclaved or not before addition to flasks containing P-starved algae in a nutrient solution without P. Compared to non-autoclaved samples, autoclaving soil resulted in approximately 60% more available P as estimated by increased algal growth. However, algal growth in the presence of autoclaved soil was highly correlated with growth in the presence of non-autoclaved samples. There was no consistent change in the correlations (r) between autoclaving or non-autoclaving samples in the relationships of algal numbers with P extracted by a number of soil tests. The effect of autoclaving soil on soluble P was also evaluated for a subset of six soils. Autoclaved soils had significantly greater concentrations of soluble P than non-autoclaved soils, with 78% more orthophosphate monoesters, 60% more orthophosphate diesters, and 54% more soluble inorganic P. Inhibition of algal growth may have occurred with two high-Zn soils that produced relatively low numbers of algae despite being very high in estimated available P by all extraction methods. Removing those samples from the calculations dramatically improved correlations between soil P measured by various methods and algal growth. With these two soils removed from calculations, algal growth with autoclaved soil was most highly correlated with Olsen P (r = 0.95), with other correlations as follows: Fe-oxide strip (r = 0.80), Mehlich 3 (r = 0.75,), modified Morgan (r = 0.61), and Bray-Kurtz 1 (r = 0.57).

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“…However, filtration is not the same as sterilization, as small bacteria or viruses may pass through the filter, depending on the pore sizes. Autoclaving is an effective sterilization method, although it can raise the pH of seawater and cause precipitation of nutrients [ 103 ]. This may be countered by controlling pH during cultivation and adding sterilized nutrients after autoclaving.…”

Section: Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview and Challenges of Large-Scale Cultivation of Photosynthetic Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

Novoveská¹,

Nielsen²,

Eroldoğan

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Microalgae and cyanobacteria are diverse groups of organisms with great potential to benefit societies across the world. These organisms are currently used in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In addition, a variety of novel compounds are being isolated. Commercial production of photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria requires cultivation on a large scale with high throughput. However, scaling up production from lab-based systems to large-scale systems is a complex and potentially costly endeavor. In this review, we summarise all aspects of large-scale cultivation, including aims of cultivation, species selection, types of cultivation (ponds, photobioreactors, and biofilms), water and nutrient sources, temperature, light and mixing, monitoring, contamination, harvesting strategies, and potential environmental risks. Importantly, we also present practical recommendations and discuss challenges of profitable large-scale systems associated with economical design, effective operation and maintenance, automation, and shortage of experienced phycologists.

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Evaluation of sample preparation techniques for algal bioassays

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

The application of algal growth potential tests (AGP) to the canals and lakes of western Netherlands

The application of algal growth potential tests (AGP) to the canals and lakes of western Netherlands

Autoclaving Soil Samples Affects Algal‐Available Phosphorus

Overview and Challenges of Large-Scale Cultivation of Photosynthetic Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

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