Evaluation of sampling and concentration methods for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi detection from wastewater

Zhou, Nicolette A.; Ong, Angelo; Fagnant-Sperati, Christine S.; Harrison, Joanna Ciol; Kossik, Alexandra L.; Beck, Nicola K.; Shirai, Jeffry H.; Burnor, Elisabeth A.; Swanstrom, Rachael; Demeke, Bethel; Patel, Suhani; Meschke, John Scott

doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.22275929

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Zhou focused on concentration methods, use cases, and challenges of environmental surveillance of S . Typhi ( 20 ). Trap and grab sampling methods are used globally for S .…”

Section: Workhop Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals

Philo,

De León,

Noble

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) expanded rapidly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the public health emergency has ended, researchers and practitioners are looking to shift the focus of existing wastewater surveillance programs to other targets, including bacteria. Bacterial targets may pose some unique challenges for WBE applications. To explore the current state of the field, the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network (RCN) on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop in April 2023 to discuss the challenges and needs for wastewater bacterial surveillance. The targets and methods used in existing programs were diverse, with twelve different targets and nine different methods listed. Discussions during the workshop highlighted the challenges in adapting existing programs and identified research gaps in four key areas: choosing new targets, relating bacterial wastewater data to human disease incidence and prevalence, developing methods, and normalizing results. To help with these challenges and research gaps, the authors identified steps the larger community can take to improve bacteria wastewater surveillance. This includes developing data reporting standards and method optimization and validation for bacterial programs. Additionally, more work is needed to understand shedding patterns for potential bacterial targets to better relate wastewater data to human infections. Wastewater surveillance for bacteria can help provide insight into the underlying prevalence in communities, but much work is needed to establish these methods. IMPORTANCE Wastewater surveillance was a useful tool to elucidate the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. Public health officials and researchers are interested in expanding these surveillance programs to include bacterial targets, but many questions remain. The NSF-funded Research Coordination Network for Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop to identify barriers and research gaps to implementing bacterial wastewater surveillance programs.

show abstract

“…Zhou focused on concentration methods, use cases, and challenges of environmental surveillance of S . Typhi ( 20 ). Trap and grab sampling methods are used globally for S .…”

Section: Workhop Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals

Philo,

De León,

Noble

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moore swabs were prepared as described in a previous study [20] and were deployed 48 h before collection. Grab samples were collected concurrently with Moore swabs, with a recommended collection time between 6 am and 10 am.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater surveillance forSalmonellaTyphi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India

Abraham,

Kathiresan,

Sasikumar

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Blood culture based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, encountering operational challenges in resource-limited settings. Environmental surveillance targeting Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) shed in wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative. Methods We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of wastewater (WW) and sero-surveillance for S. Typhi in Vellore, India, from May 2022 to April 2023. Monthly samples were collected from 40 sites in open drainage channels and processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted and analyzed via quantitative PCR for S. Typhi genes (ttr, tviB, staG) and the fecal biomarker HF183. Clinical cases of enteric fever were recorded from four major hospitals, and a crosssectional serosurvey measured hemolysin E (HlyE) IgG levels in children under 15 years to estimate seroincidence. Results 7.5% (39/520) of grab and 15.3% (79/517) Moore swabs were positive for all 3 S . Typhi genes. Moore swab positivity was significantly associated with HF183 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.93) and upstream catchment population (aOR: 4.67, 1.97, 11.04), and there was increased detection during monsoon season, membrane filtration (aOR: 2.56, 1.02, 6.41), and Moore swab samples (aOR: 2.03, 1.01, 3.97). Only 11 blood culture-confirmed typhoid cases were documented over the study period. Estimated seroincidence was 10.4/100 person-years (py) (95% CI: 9.61, 11.5/100 py). The number of S. Typhi positive samples at a site was associated with the estimated sero-incidence in the site catchment population (incidence rate ratios: 1.14 (1.07, 1.23) and 1.10 (1.02, 1.20) for grab and Moore swabs respectively. Conclusions These findings underscore the utility and effectiveness of alternate surveillance approaches to estimating the incidence of S. Typhi infection in resource-limited settings, offering valuable insights for public health interventions and disease monitoring strategies where conventional methods are challenging to implement.

show abstract

Evaluation of sampling and concentration methods for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi detection from wastewater

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals

Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals

Wastewater surveillance forSalmonellaTyphi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About