Evaluation of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) as a diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni in low endemic human population

Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.; Corsini, Camila Amormino; Gonçalves, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo; Borges, William de Castro; Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89929-3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the other side, the biomarker used as the diagnostic tool in the non-endemic regions is schistosomula crude antigen (SCA), which serves as a method for the detection of antibodies for Schistosoma mansoni. The aforementioned method has revealed promising results as compared with ELISAs and dot blots immunoassays [12]. The study performed on Belgian travellers also showed and confirmed that testing against Schistosoma antibodies and circulating anodic antigen (CAA) is helpful in the early detection of acute schistosomiasis [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Imported parasitosis as a diagnostic challenge in Primary Healthcare Clinic in the non-endemic region — a case study of schistosomiasis in English Division student

Gałązka

Starownik

Kasztelan-Szczerbińska

et al. 2022

Medical Research Journal

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitosis, most commonly caused by Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium, eventually by other species from the genus Schistosoma (blood flukes). This study presents a case of schistosomiasis in an African-origin student cured in the Primary Healthcare Clinic (PHC) in Lublin, Poland.The young adult male patient from Zimbabwe, studying in Poland, presented to the PHC, due to pain in the left down quadrant of the abdomen, bloody stools, and a single episode of drooling with a blood-stained jelly-like mass, without fever. In blood tests, there was neutropenia, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. In a colonoscopy, numerous lymphoid nodules were observed with small regions of mucosal erythema, faded vascular drawing, and delayed small contact bleeding.The patient had an elevated level of IgE (329,5 IU/mL; N < 158) and minor abnormalities in the proteinogram. Abdominal CT showed calcification of intestinal walls, suggesting infection of flukes from the Schistosoma genus. The result of histopathological examination confirmed the presence of structures interpreted as parasite eggs in intestinal crypts, lamina propria and the lumen of mesenteric vessels.It is of great importance, that general medicine physicians working in schistosomiasis non-endemic regions are aware and pay attention to various risks as well as provide referrals to advanced imaging and endoscopic procedures in patients with unusual health problems. Keeping in mind, that early signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis, and results of blood tests may remain unspecific in contrast to a more complex gastrointestinal diagnostic approach, a chance of early diagnosis and successful therapeutic intervention may be facilitated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Imported parasitosis as a diagnostic challenge in Primary Healthcare Clinic in the non-endemic region — a case study of schistosomiasis in English Division student

Gałązka

Starownik

Kasztelan-Szczerbińska

et al. 2022

Medical Research Journal

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“…Довольно много исследований проводится с целью поиска новых мишеней для диагностики и дифференцировки различных инвазий, поисков новых антигенов и их комбинации [10,15,18,24,33,65,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. В качестве новых маркеров исследуют: сапозин-подобный белок [37], микроРНК, выделенные из экстравезикул сыворотки [85,86], катепсин L3 при шистосомозе [87], очищенный антиген паразита молекулярной массой 27 при фасцилезе [14], межгенный спейсерный участок ДНК F. hepatica [17], антиген шистосомул при инвазии S. mansoni [88]. Чувствительность методов на основе ПЦР зависит от количества копий гена, количества яиц паразита, качества ДНК и ингибиторов ПЦР в образце.…”

Section: молекулярно-генетические методыunclassified

Foresight in the diagnosis of trematodiasis: innovations versus routine methods

et al. 2023

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Aim. To analyze modern methods for the diagnosis of trematodiasis in experimental and epidemiological studies.Trematodiasis is a group of common parasitic diseases that are a socially sensitive health problem worldwide. According to World Health Organization, more than 250 million people are affected by trematode infections globally. The most common types of human trematode infections are diseases caused by Schistosoma, Fasciola, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis pathogens. Diagnosis of trematodiasis is often multistage and includes identification of disease symptoms, analysis of medical history, and use of various laboratory tests. Clinical presentation of parasitic infections often varies, making a definitive diagnosis difficult. Various tools are used to diagnose trematode infections: epidemiological criteria, laboratory tests (complete blood count and blood biochemistry, serological methods), instrumental methods (abdominal X-ray and ultrasound), and parasitological techniques, which often have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, development of modern and effective non-invasive methods for detection of trematode infections with high sensitivity and specificity, including screening in endemic regions, is relevant.The present review analyzes the results of 90 clinical trials and experimental studies on the diagnosis of trematode infections using the PubMed search engine and the eLibrary database. The review analyzes original articles published from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021.Most studies confirm that the absence of a standard diagnostic approach highlights obvious convenience of utilizing a combined approach to reliable diagnosis of trematodiasis. An adequate combination of different diagnostic tests makes it possible to diagnose the disease correctly, devise a correct treatment and follow-up strategy, and organize preventive measures.

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“…These tests are, in general, well suited for areas with low transmission and can be rapid tests for travelers returning from endemic areas ( 119 , 120 ). Most antibody assays report on immunoglobulin G (IgG), and rarely immunoglobulin M (IgM) ( 121 , 122 ), that target crude antigen extracts like cercarial secretions, schistosome egg antigen (SEA), soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP), or can be constructed to detect purified or recombinant antigens ( 106 , 123 , 124 ). Soon after exposure, patients present with an acute inflammatory response driven by the body’s immune response to schistosomula migration ( 125 ) and a positive antibody test is commonly the earliest diagnostic laboratory result.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Schistosoma Species Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game

et al. 2022

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The new WHO Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases targets the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem. To date, control strategies have focused on effective diagnostics, mass drug administration, complementary and integrative public health interventions. Non-mammalian intermediate hosts and other vertebrates promote transmission of schistosomiasis and have been utilized as experimental model systems. Experimental animal models that recapitulate schistosomiasis immunology, disease progression, and pathology observed in humans are important in testing and validation of control interventions. We discuss the pivotal value of these models in contributing to elimination of schistosomiasis. Treatment of schistosomiasis relies heavily on mass drug administration of praziquantel whose efficacy is comprised due to re-infections and experimental systems have revealed the inability to kill juvenile schistosomes. In terms of diagnosis, nonhuman primate models have demonstrated the low sensitivity of the gold standard Kato Katz smear technique. Antibody assays are valuable tools for evaluating efficacy of candidate vaccines, and sera from graded infection experiments are useful for evaluating diagnostic sensitivity of different targets. Lastly, the presence of Schistosomes can compromise the efficacy of vaccines to other infectious diseases and its elimination will benefit control programs of the other diseases. As the focus moves towards schistosomiasis elimination, it will be critical to integrate treatment, diagnostics, novel research tools such as sequencing, improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and utilization of experimental models to assist with evaluating performance of new approaches.

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Evaluation of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) as a diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni in low endemic human population

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Imported parasitosis as a diagnostic challenge in Primary Healthcare Clinic in the non-endemic region — a case study of schistosomiasis in English Division student

Imported parasitosis as a diagnostic challenge in Primary Healthcare Clinic in the non-endemic region — a case study of schistosomiasis in English Division student

Foresight in the diagnosis of trematodiasis: innovations versus routine methods

The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game

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