Evaluation of Some Chelating Agents Efficacy in Treatment of Lead Toxicity: Haematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Studies

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of DMSA and DMPS in treatment of lead toxicity in albino rats. One hundred twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups (30 each). The first was used as control, the 2 nd group was exposed to lead acetate in drinking water (100 ppm) for 12 weeks, the 3 rd group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2 nd group together with DMSA (135 mg/kg bworally by intubation) and the 4 th group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2 nd group together with DMPS (200 mumol/kg bw IP). The result revealed that the RBCs count showed a significant decrease in 2 nd group while in 3 rd and 4 th was recorded in the last 10 th and 12 th weeks. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed a significant decrease at the 6 th -12 th week in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups haematocrit percent (%) showed significant decrease in 2 nd & 4 th groups all over the study and in 6 th , 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks in 3 rd group. Haemoglobin level showed a significant decrease in 2 nd and in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks in 4 th and only at 12 th in 3 rd . A significant decrease in MCH values was recorded 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups. WBCs count showed a significant increase in 2 nd , 4 th weeks in group 2 nd and 3 rd while decreased at 10 th & 12 th weeks. In 4 th group, a significant decrease was noticed at 6 th , 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks. Serum AST and ALT showed a significant decrease at the 12 th week in 2 nd and increase at the 2 nd week in both 3 rd and 4 th . Gamma-GT showed no significant change in 2 nd in comparison with group 1. A significant decrease in 3 rd and 4 th was recorded at the 2 nd , 4 th , and 6 th weeks in comparison with 1 st & 2 nd . The histopathological examination revealed a clear variance between group 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th . Most of the recorded lesions in the liver, kidney and brain of 2 nd & 4 th groups at severe or moderate degree were absent or in a mild form in group 3 rd . In conlusion the two chelating agents (DMSA & DMPS) used run in nearly similar manner as every one has special advantages in treatment.