Evaluation of Some Vulval Appendages in Nematode Taxonomy

Carta, Lynn K.; Handoo, Zafar A.; Hoberg, Eric P.; Erbe, Eric F.; Wergin, William P.

doi:10.1654/4302.1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…A different morphology may enable sexual segregation between closely related species living in sympatry, yet be inadequate for indicating phylogenetic relationships. Analyses of the vulval appendages in nematodes have also been considered as taxonomically unreliable, even at the intrageneric level, due to considerable homoplasy (Carta et al, 2009). The use of traditional taxonomy, based solely on morphology, has probably led to an underestimation of nematode diversity.…”

Section: Taxonomic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenetic assessment of the colonisation patterns in Spauligodon atlanticus Astasio-Arbiza et al., 1987 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite of lizards of the genus Gallotia Boulenger: no simple answers

et al. 2011

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Parasite taxonomy traditionally relies on morphometric and life-cycle characteristics which may not reflect complex phylogenetic relationships. However, genetic analyses can reveal cryptic species within morphologically described parasite taxa. We analysed the phylogenetic variation within the nematode Spauligodon atlanticus Astasio-Arbiza, Zapatero-Ramos, Ojeda-Rosas & Solera-Puertas, 1987, a parasite of the Canarian lizard genus Gallotia Boulenger, inferring the origin of their current association. We also attempted to determine its relationship with other Spauligodon spp. Three different markers, mitochondrial COI plus nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA, were used to estimate the evolutionary relationships between these nematodes. S. atlanticus was found to be paraphyletic, suggesting that Gallotia spp. were colonised by two independent lineages of Spauligodon. Additional analyses of other Spauligodon spp. are required for a more complete interpretation of the evolution of this genus from the Canarian archipelago and its closest taxa. Our results emphasise the importance of extensive sampling and phylogenetic studies at the intrageneric level, and highlight the limitations of a morphologically based taxonomy in these parasites.

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Section: Taxonomic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenetic assessment of the colonisation patterns in Spauligodon atlanticus Astasio-Arbiza et al., 1987 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite of lizards of the genus Gallotia Boulenger: no simple answers

et al. 2011

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“…Only L. phloesini, regarded as not showing a vulval flap (Zhao et al 2007), revealed variations in the vagina morphology (Baujard 1981). A variable direction of the vagina can be observed and, in some cases, the posterior lip apparently displayed an extension of cuticle oriented anteriorly, similar with a vulval flap but with inverted orientation (Baujard 1981;Carta et al 2009). Although, vulval flaps are considered unreliable for species identification of Haemonchus and Ashworthius genera (Carta et al 2009), this character emerges as a valid character to differentiate Laimaphelenchus species limiting the number of comparisons between species.…”

Section: Molecular Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variable direction of the vagina can be observed and, in some cases, the posterior lip apparently displayed an extension of cuticle oriented anteriorly, similar with a vulval flap but with inverted orientation (Baujard 1981;Carta et al 2009). Although, vulval flaps are considered unreliable for species identification of Haemonchus and Ashworthius genera (Carta et al 2009), this character emerges as a valid character to differentiate Laimaphelenchus species limiting the number of comparisons between species. Differentiation of the species based on vulval flap (presence/absence) is sustained by molecular evidences, particularly by the D2-D3 expansion segments of LSU of rRNA and the SSU rRNA gene.…”

Section: Molecular Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laimaphelenchus suberensis sp. nov. associated with Quercus suber in Portugal

Maleita

Costa

Abrantes³

2017

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Laimaphelenchus suberensis sp. nov. obtained from declining Quercus suber trees of Herdade da Gouveia de Baixo, Alentejo, Portugal, is described and illustrated based on morphological, biometrical and molecular characters. The diagnosis of Laimaphelenchus species has been commonly based on the presence or absence of a vulval flap and on the shape structure of the tail tip. The species described here has been included in the Laimaphelenchus group without vulval flap, and can be distinguished from morphologically similar species by its tail tip shape structure that has a stalk-like terminus and three diffuse tubercles with 4-6 finger-like protrusions. For the molecular analyses, the mitochondrial DNA region from the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) of rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of L. suberensis sp. nov. clustered separately from all Laimaphelenchus spp. with available sequences in Genbank, confirming its identification as a new species. This is the second report of the genus Laimaphelenchus in Portugal, associated with Q. suber: L. heidelbergi and L. suberensis sp. nov. Keywords Cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Cork oak. Large subunit ribosomal RNA. Molecular analysis. Morphology. Small subunit ribosomal RNA 2008). This genus comprises 17 valid species, two of

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“…Along the gonoduct, there may be one or a pair of sphincter(s) and a receptaculum seminis , usually called sperma(to)theca. The vulva may show different types of appendages, such as vulval flaps (= modifications of the vulva lips), vulval membranes (= cuticular outgrowths) or epiptygmata (= cuticular protrusions on one or both vulva lips or vaginal wall, e.g., in Tylenchomorpha) (Carta et al 2009). It can be differentiated into several parts, such as a wider part (furthest from the vulva) and a tubular part (closest to the vulva).…”

Section: Amphimictic Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%