Evaluation of standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of nursery pigs from seven to fourteen kilograms

Abstract

Four experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys requirement of pigs (Sus scrofa) from 7 to 14 kg. In Exp. 1, 294 pigs (6.8 kg BW) were used in a 28-d growth trial with 7 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment. Treatment diets were fed from d 0 to 14, and a common diet was fed from d 14 to 28. The 6 SID Lys levels tested were 1.15, 1.23, 1.30, 1.38, 1.45, and 1.53%. The diets were corn- and soybean-meal [Zea mays L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr.] based, with 10% spray-dried whey, 4.5% fish meal, and contained 3.37 Mcal of ME/kg. From d 0 to 14, ADG increased (quadratic, P < 0.001) as SID Lys increased from 1.15 to 1.30% with no further increase at greater levels. Gain:feed increased (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing SID Lys. Experiments 2 to 4 were 14-d growth trials with diets containing 1.22, 1.32, 1.42, 1.52, or 1.62% SID Lys. Diets were corn- and soybean-meal based with 3.45 Mcal of ME/kg. Soybean meal and lactose were constant in all diets at 30 and 7% of the diet, respectively. In Exp. 2, 840 pigs (7.6 kg BW) were used, with 24 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment. Increasing SID Lys from 1.22 to 1.42% increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADG and G:F with no further improvement observed in pigs fed the 1.52 or 1.62% SID Lys diets during d 0 to 14. In Exp. 3, 1,260 pigs (8.5 kg BW) were used with 42 pigs per feeder (2 pens per feeder) and 6 feeders per treatment. Increasing dietary Lys increased (quadratic, P < 0.02) ADG and G:F with the greatest response observed as SID Lys increased from 1.22 to 1.32% and, then, slight improvements with 1.42 and 1.52% during d 0 to 14. In Exp. 4, 770 pigs (7.4 kg BW) were used with 22 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment. Increasing SID Lys increased (quadratic, P = 0.05) ADG with pigs fed 1.32 and 1.42% SID Lys diets having the greatest BW gains during d 0 to 14. Increased SID Lys decreased (linear, P < 0.001) ADFI and increased (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.02) G:F. In conclusion, results of these experiments indicate that the 1998 NRC Lys recommendations (e.g., 1.19% SID Lys for 5 to 10 kg pigs) are less than required for optimal growth for 7 to 14 kg pigs. One-slope straight broken-line analysis indicated that the SID Lys requirement for optimal growth was at least 1.30% for ADG and 1.37% for G:F, or at least 3.86 and 4.18 g SID Lys/Mcal ME, respectively. Quadratic broken-line analysis indicated that the SID Lys requirement for optimal growth was at least 1.37% for ADG and 1.54% for G:F, or at least 4.19 and 4.92 g SID Lys/Mcal ME, respectively.

Dietary lysine requirement for 7–16 kg pigs fed wheat–corn–soybean meal‐based diets

“…1.56% vs. 1.34%). Similar observations where G:F resulted in higher optimum lysine requirement than ADG have been reported (Friesen et al., ; Gaines et al., ; Yi et al., ; Nemechek et al., ). For instance, Gaines et al., reported SID lysine of 1.42% and 1.52% to be optimal for ADG and G:F, respectively, whereas Nemechek et al.…”

“…Consequently, lysine requirement of the modern pig would have to change to match its growth demand. The increased lysine requirement has been reported in recent studies with pigs of different body weight (Gaines et al., ; Dean et al., ; Shelton et al., ; Nemechek et al., ; NRC, ).…”

Lysine requirement relative to total dietary protein for optimum performance and carcass protein deposition of Iberian piglets

“…The linear-broken model is recognized to give usually lower estimates than the first derivative of the quadratic function (Baker, 1986). As in the present case, higher nutrient (Lys) requirement values have been systematically obtained by the quadratic vs. linear approach by other authors (Coma et al, 1995;Kendall et al, 2008;Nemechek et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2014).…”

“…To the best of our knowledge no similar studies in a traditional pig breed have been performed. In the context of modern pig genotypes, Lys requirement for piglets has been extensively studied during the last years (Kendall et al, 2008;Schneider et al, 2010;Nemechek et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2014, etc.). Some of these studies have been the basis for the revision of Lys requirements for piglets in the recent NRC (2012), which have been increased moderately respect to the previous report (NRC, 1998).…”

Evaluation of standardized ileal digestible valine:lysine, total lysine:crude protein, and replacing fish meal, meat and bone meal, and poultry byproduct meal with crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery pigs from seven to twelve kilograms

“…Treatment diets were corn-soybean meal based and contained 10% dried whey and 1% soy oil. In a previous study conducted in this facility, we determined that a SID Lys level of 1.30% was adequate for optimal ADG but inadequate for optimal G:F of pigs weighing 6.8 to 11.5 kg (Nemechek et al, 2012). Therefore, all diets from d 0 to 14 were formulated to be marginally deficient in SID Lys (1.30%).…”