Evaluation of stress, serum and salivary cortisol, and interleukin‐1β levels in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis

Bawankar, Pranjali; Kolte, Abhay; Kolte, Rajashri A

doi:10.1002/jper.18-0028

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…It showed a positive association of both with periodontal disease, which further confirms the findings of our study [ 28 ]. In another study, investigating the histo-pathogenesis of inflamed periodontium, revealed a significant increase in leukocyte (neutrophilic granulocytes 60% to 70%) under accumulated plaque with collagen-poor connective tissue at 4 days of infection (initial periodontitis) [ 29 ]. However, at 28 days of disease, the infiltrate comprised mainly of mononuclear leukocytes, especially plasma cells; and neutrophils occupied only a small fraction of the infiltrate [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent investigations, osteoclastic bone damage was found to be directly related to the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblastic cells and periodontal ligament cells. The induced periodontal inflammation triggers essential agents for RANKL induction that regulates osteoclast function and activity [ 29 ]. Hence, leading to bone loss in surrounding region and tooth mobility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study

Majeed

Ahmed

Roome

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Periodontitis (P) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in initial, moderate and severe periodontitis. One hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study. Periodontitis subjects had at least 20 natural teeth and ≥8 sites with pocket depths of >4 mm and clinical attachment loss (CAL). A questionnaire was used with respect to the socio demographic parameters which included age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital, residence and occupation. To categorize the severity of the disease, teeth were assessed for, Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BOP), CAL, missing tooth, tooth mobility and bone loss. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cytokine levels were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with microplate reader at 450 nm. Clinical parameters and salivary cytokine concentrations were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, whereas a correlation of cases with gender and severity of periodontitis was evaluated using chi-square test. Fifty-nine patients were healthy controls and 63 were periodontitis patients Thirty two percent (n = 20) had initial periodontitis, 40% (n = 25) suffered from moderate and 29% (n = 18) had severe periodontitis. Periodontitis subgroups were significantly different with regards to age and gender (p < 0.001). The mean PPD and CAL among the periodontitis patients (PPD, 3.52 ± 1.25 mm; CAL, 4.04 ± 1.64 mm) were significantly compromised (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls (PPD, 1.52 ± 0.73 mm; CAL, 0.08 ± 0.28 mm). Increased levels of IL-1β were associated with high CAL and PPD findings. UWS IL-1β levels were higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. In addition, cases of severe periodontitis showed significantly higher UWS IL-1β levels compared to initial and moderate periodontitis patients. Comparative levels of salivary IL-1β can be potentially used as a diagnostic tool for periodontitis identification and disease progression along with clinical parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study

Majeed

Ahmed

Roome

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Readings were repeated by the same examiner (VK) to perform intra-observer reproducibility analysis. [ 1 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ongoing interactions involving microorganisms, host defense assembly, environmental and genetic factors have been known to influence the rate of progression and destruction, which leads to the clinical expression of disease. [ 1 ] If left uncontrolled, the disease in their severe forms precipitates progressive destruction, ultimately leading to tooth loss and edentulism. [ 2 ] Microorganisms, through an indirect mechanism, trigger different components within the host defense assembly, leading to the destruction of the periodontal tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy on Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels in Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kharkar

Kolte

et al. 2021

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

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Background: Numerous studies have assessed the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) both as a primary mode of treatment and as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. Some results were nondefinitive and, in part, inconsistent with respect to the clinical and biochemical effects. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDT as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 levels in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: In 21 patients with CP, two contralateral sites (premolar and molar) were randomly divided into: control sites (treated with NSPT only) and test sites (treated with NSPT + PDT). Clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1- and 3 months and biochemical parameters of GCF levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were evaluated at baseline and 3-month post-therapy through enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results: A greater improvement in BOP score at 1 month (41.10% ± 3.58%) and 3-months (38.00% ± 3.62%) posttherapy was found in the test site as compared to control site. Regarding cytokines, test sites exhibited significant reductions in IL-6 (4.29 ± 0.67 pg/ml) and IL-8 (308.16 ± 36.04 pg/ml) levels and increase in IL-10 (14.25 ± 0.83 pg/ml) level at 3 months ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Additional application of PDT, adjunctive to NSPT, resulted in a significant reduction in BOP score as well as GCF pro-inflammatory cytokine levels along with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, compared to NSPT alone.

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“…3 Studies [4][5][6][7][8] have assessed the relationship between the expression of cortisol in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and whole saliva of patients with periodontitis, and their outcomes presented that GCF and whole salivary levels of cortisol are increased among patients with compared with individuals without periodontitis. [4][5][6][7][8] Anxiety and depression are often reported to influence the expression of cortisol in oral fluids (GCF and saliva) [4][5][6][7][8] ; however, it has also been proposed that the role of anxiety and depression in this regard is rather secondary. 9 Peri-implantitis is a local and usually site-specific inflammatory reaction, which manifests as increased crestal bone loss (CBL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among patients with and without peri‐implantitis

Alresayes

Al‐Askar

Mokeem

et al. 2021

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and Objective: Cortisol levels remain uninvestigated in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of patients with and without peri-implantitis. The present investigation investigated levels of cortisol in PISF among controls (individuals without peri-implantitis) and patients with peri-implantitis. Methods:The patient population comprised of participants with and without periimplantitis (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Demographic information and data related to implant characteristics was recorded. Peri-implant radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) and clinical (modified plaque and bleeding on probing indices [PI and BOP], and probing depth [PD]) and parameters were assessed. In all patients, levels of cortisol were measured in the PISF, which was collected using standard methods. Data normality and group comparisons were assessed, and multiple logistic regression was performed. Probability values less than 0.01 were nominated as being significant.Results: Eighty-eight individuals (44 and 44 in groups 1 and 2, correspondingly) were included. In group 1, 24 and 20 participants were males and females, and there were 22 and 22 males and females in group 2. Mean ages were analogous in both groups.Peri-implant BOP (p < .001); CBL (p < .001); PI (p < .001); and PD (p < .001) were higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. The volume of PISF (p < .001) collected and its concentrations of cortisol (p < .001) were significantly higher among patients in group 1 compared with group 2. Regression analysis showed that CBL and PD directly correlated with increased PISF levels of cortisol among participants with peri-implantitis. Conclusion:Within the limits of the present study, it remains debatable whether or not PISF cortisol levels vary among patients with and without peri-implantitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of PISF levels of cortisol in the diagnosis of peri-implantitis.

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Evaluation of stress, serum and salivary cortisol, and interleukin‐1β levels in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis

Abstract: The results indicate that smokers with CP exhibit a significantly higher serum and salivary cortisol, IL-1β, and stress levels and thus they may show an increased risk and periodontal disease severity. Further exploration of relationships between periodontitis and stress is required.

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study

Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study

Influence of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy on Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels in Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cortisol levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among patients with and without peri‐implantitis

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