Evaluation of surface- and ground-water pollution due to herbicides in agricultural areas of Zamora and Salamanca (Spain)

Martínez, R. Carabias; Rodríguez‐Gonzalo, Encarnación; Laespada, María Esther Fernández; Román, F. Javier Sánchez San

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01188-7

Cited by 84 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast to the above-mentioned techniques, micelle-mediated cloud point extraction (CPE) has been recognized as a useful tool for the separation and pre-concentration of organic solutions [ 12 ]. CPE has been applied in the extraction or pre-concentration of metal ions [ 13 ], Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDT, fungicides, pesticides, aromatic amines and fulvic and humic acids [ 14 , 15 ]. Katsoyannos et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity and Thermal Stability of Oleuropein and Related Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaf Extract after Separation and Concentration by Salting-Out-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction

2014

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A fast, clean, energy-saving, non-toxic method for the stabilization of the antioxidant activity and the improvement of the thermal stability of oleuropein and related phenolic compounds separated from olive leaf extract via salting-out-assisted cloud point extraction (CPE) was developed using Tween 80. The process was based on the decrease of the solubility of polyphenols and the lowering of the cloud point temperature of Tween 80 due to the presence of elevated amounts of sulfates (salting-out) and the separation from the bulk solution with centrifugation. The optimum conditions were chosen based on polyphenols recovery (%), phase volume ratio (Vs/Vw) and concentration factor (Fc). The maximum recovery of polyphenols was in total 95.9%; Vs/Vw was 0.075 and Fc was 15 at the following conditions: pH 2.6, ambient temperature (25 °C), 4% Tween 80 (w/v), 35% Na2SO4 (w/v) and a settling time of 5 min. The total recovery of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, verbascoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside, at optimum conditions, was 99.8%, 93.0%, 87.6%, 99.3% and 100.0%, respectively. Polyphenolic compounds entrapped in the surfactant-rich phase (Vs) showed higher thermal stability (activation energy (Ea) 23.8 kJ/mol) compared to non-entrapped ones (Ea 76.5 kJ/mol). The antioxidant activity of separated polyphenols remained unaffected as determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity and Thermal Stability of Oleuropein and Related Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaf Extract after Separation and Concentration by Salting-Out-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction

2014

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“…In the present study, we observed significant effects on photosynthetic efficiency after 24‐h exposure to MC100. In addition, pesticide contamination of surface waters in Sweden is lower than in other countries in Europe (Kattwinkel et al 2011; Bighiu et al 2020), where, for instance, diflufenican concentrations similar to those found in our treatment MC5 (Carabias Martıínez et al 2000), terbuthylazine corresponding to our MC10 level, and metribuzin even up to our MC100 level occur in southern European rivers (Konstantinou et al 2006). It is, however, challenging to extrapolate our results to field conditions because of the multitude of additional stressors encountered in the field, such as nutrient limitation, turbidity, shading, and grazing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Pesticide Mixtures Cause Short‐Term, Reversible Effects on the Function of Autotrophic Periphyton Assemblages

Bighiu

Gottschalk

Arrhenius

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In a laboratory experiment we investigated the effects of pesticide mixtures on the structure and function of freshwater biofilms, with focus on their photoautotrophic component. We identified 6 herbicides and 1 fungicide commonly found in Swedish streams at relatively high concentrations and created 3 ternary mixtures that were tested in concentration series ranging from observed environmental concentrations to up to 100 times higher. Biofilms were exposed to these pesticide mixtures for 8 d and then allowed to recover for another 12 d. Our results show a rapid and consistent inhibition of photosynthesis after just 24‐h exposure to the highest test concentration of pesticides, as well as in some treatments with lower concentrations (i.e., 10 times the environmental level), on exposure. Interestingly, the observed effects were reversible because biofilm photosynthesis recovered rapidly and completely in clean media in all but one treatment. In contrast to the functional response, no effects were observed on the algal assemblage structure, as assessed by diagnostic pigments. We conclude that the pesticide mixtures induce a rapid but reversible inhibition of photosynthesis, without short‐term effects on biofilm structure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1367–1374. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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“…Agribusiness involves the use of pesticides and fertilizers to increase productivity (Carabias Martínez et al, 2000;Cerejeira et al, 2003); therefore, the cytotoxicity found in our study may be associated with the presence of agro-industrial activity. Vargas et al (2001), using a microsome assay and Salmonella cells, found cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in the analysis of water from a city in the upper reach of the SRB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Cytotoxicity assays as tools to assess water quality in the Sinos River basin

et al. 2015

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Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of surface waters and may help to improve the control of water quality. This study compared two methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Hep-2 cells to water samples collected from the Rolante River, an important affluent of the Sinos River. The toxicity was evaluated using the MTT and neutral red assays. Two methods were used to prepare culture media. In method 1, the sample was diluted at 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10.000 (v/v, sample/medium) in a standard culture medium; in method 2, water samples were used as the solvent for the culture medium, which was prepared at concentrations of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20%. Semi-confluent cultures were then exposed to the media test for 24 hours, and cytotoxicity was determined immediately using the MTT and NR assays. Mitochondrial activity (MTT) was significantly lower at all concentrations in both methods, except at 1:1000 in method 1. However, the lysosome viability (NR) results revealed cytotoxicity only in the 1:1 sample of method 1. Both culture preparation methods were efficient and sensitive to the MTT assay, but method 2 seemed to be more adequate for the NR assay. The Rolante River has cytotoxic contaminants to Hep-2 cells, which may be one of the explanations for the poor water quality of the Sinos River basin.Keywords: cytotoxicity, Sinos River basin, samples preparation. Ensaios de citotoxicidade como ferramentas para avaliar a qualidade da água da bacia do Rio do Sinos ResumoOs ensaios de citotoxicidade utilizando culturas de células constituem uma alternativa para avaliar a toxicidade biológica de águas de superfície e podem auxiliar no controle da qualidade da água. Este estudo comparou dois métodos de preparação dos meios de cultura com amostras de água coletadas no rio Rolante, um importante afluente do Rio dos Sinos, para a exposição de células Hep-2. A toxicidade foi avaliada usando os ensaios do MTT e do vermelho neutro (VN). Dois métodos foram utilizados para preparar os meios de cultura. No método 1, a amostra foi diluída a 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000 e 1:10.000 (v/v, amostra/ meio de cultivo) em um meio de cultura padrão; no método 2, as amostras de água foram utilizados como solventes para o meio de cultura, o qual foi preparado em concentração de 100% e nas diluições de 80, 60, 40 e 20%. Culturas semi-confluentes foram então expostas aos meios teste durante 24 horas, e a citotoxicidade foi determinada imediatamente usando os ensaios MTT e VN. A atividade mitocondrial (MTT) foi significativamente menor em todas as concentrações em ambos os métodos, exceto na diluição 1:1000 do método 1. No entanto, os resultados de viabilidade lisossomal (VN) revelaram citotoxicidade apenas no na diluição 1:1 do método 1. Ambos os métodos de preparação do meio cultura foram eficientes e sensíveis para o ensaio do MTT, mas o método 2 foi mais adequado para o ensaio do VN. O rio Rolante possui contaminantes citotóxicos para as células Hep-2, o que pode ser uma...

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Evaluation of surface- and ground-water pollution due to herbicides in agricultural areas of Zamora and Salamanca (Spain)

Cited by 84 publications

References 14 publications

Antioxidant Activity and Thermal Stability of Oleuropein and Related Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaf Extract after Separation and Concentration by Salting-Out-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction

Antioxidant Activity and Thermal Stability of Oleuropein and Related Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaf Extract after Separation and Concentration by Salting-Out-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction

Pesticide Mixtures Cause Short‐Term, Reversible Effects on the Function of Autotrophic Periphyton Assemblages

Cytotoxicity assays as tools to assess water quality in the Sinos River basin

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