Evaluation of surgical procedures for sex reassignment: a systematic review

Sexual reassignment surgery in female-to-male transsexuals: An algorithm for subcutaneous mastectomy

“…1,2 Traditional excision of the gland can be performed by different incisions: a semicircular incision at the inferior areolar margin, a transverse or hemitransverse areolar incision or an inframammary incision. Remaining skin excess and nipple retraction can occur in any technique chosen.…”

“…To date, various operative procedures have been reported including a semicircular, transareolar, concentric circumareolar and extended concentric circular approach, wise pattern reduction, inferior pedicled and free nippleeareola complex (NAC) graft. 1,2 The goal of the subcutaneous mastectomy (SCM) is to masculinize the chest by removing the female contour. To choose the appropriate surgical technique, not only the breast volume but also the degree of skin excess and skin elasticity, the relation of the position of the NAC to the inframammary fold (IMF) as well as the grade of breast ptosis have to be considered.…”

559 Gender reassignment surgery – a 13 year review of surgical outcomes

“…Sutcliffe et al performed a representative systematic review on main literature databases showing important limitations regarding surgical outcomes and treatment options (8). Indeed, conducting a long term prospective study with this heterogeneous group of patients is not easy.…”

Gender reassignment surgery: male to female, a short-term analysis of post-operative outcome

“…Surgery was performed largely with penile skin inversion technique for vaginoplasty. 12,13 And for 26 patient, vaginoplasty was not done as per their request and for them, vulvoplasty was alone done. In vulvoplasty, a creation of labia majora and minora was done with the use of scrotal and penile skin respectively.…”