Evaluation of Tearing in Children

Cas, R. Dei

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-21630-0_17

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of dacryoscintigraphy has been described in anesthetized beagles 34 . General anesthesia will abolish the blink reflex and this will have an influence on the results 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine dacryolithiasis: a case description and mineral analysis

Malho

Sansom

Johnson

et al. 2012

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 4-year-old, female, spayed, Labrador retriever was presented with a painless swelling of the left ventromedial eyelid and epiphora of 3 months duration. Bilateral patency of the nasolacrimal system was confirmed by the appearance of fluorescein dye at both nares. Ultrasonography revealed a well-demarcated fluid-filled structure containing echogenic ill-defined material in close proximity to the nasolacrimal system. A transconjunctival surgical approach confirmed the close anatomical proximity of the cyst and the absence of a communication with the inferior canaliculus. The cyst contained multiple intraluminal calculi (dacryoliths). Following surgical excision of the cyst, the epiphora resolved and no recurrence was noted over a 12-month follow-up period. On histopathology, the cystic structure was lined by stratified squamous epithelium, consistent with lacrimal canaliculus epithelium. Presumed progression of a canalicular diverticulum to a cyst with the formation of intraluminal dacryoliths was suspected. Mineral analysis of the dacryoliths revealed a calcium carbonate composition.

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“…The use of dacryoscintigraphy has been described in anesthetized beagles 34 . General anesthesia will abolish the blink reflex and this will have an influence on the results 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine dacryolithiasis: a case description and mineral analysis

Malho

Sansom

Johnson

et al. 2012

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle attaches to the posterior lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone, surrounding the posterior wall of the lacrimal sac. Insufficiency of this muscle is one of the causes of tear pump insufficiency or lacrimal pathways insufficiency in the form of a functional block [1,3,4,14]. Normal lacrimal sac and NLD functioning depends both on motoric and secretive activity of the mucous membrane and vascular plexi of structures that tightly surround the sac and the NLD.…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Lacrimal Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, even the smallest dysfunction at this level of the lacrimal pathway can lead to pathological lacrimation. The ability to dilate the lumen and straighten the canaliculus by palpational, lateral eyelid movement is very important in both diagnostic and treatment process, as it allows the insertion of instruments [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Anatomy Of Nasolacrimal Ductmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers consider that the normal width of the sac in AP projection is up to 5 mm [ 10 ]. Others claim that every width exceeding 4 mm in AP projection should be considered to be pathological widening [ 2 , 14 , 19 ]. Normal size of the sac is still disputed.…”

Section: Anatomy Of Nasolacrimal Ductmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital abnormalities of the lacrimal system most often refer to the obstruction at the level of Hasner’s valve and occur in 6–20% of newborns [ 14 , 26 ].…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Lacrimal Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic imaging of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Part I. Radiological anatomy of lacrimal pathways. Physiology of tear secretion and tear outflow

Maliborski

Różycki

2014

Med Sci Monit

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Excessive watering of the eye is a common condition in ophthalmological practice. It may be the result of excessive production of tear fluid or obstruction and insufficiency of efferent tear pathways. The differentiation between obstruction and insufficiency of the lacrimal pathways is still clinically questionable. In the diagnostic process it is necessary to perform clinical tests and additional diagnostic imaging is often needed. Dacryocystography, with or without the extension of the dynamic phase or subtraction option, still remains the criterion standard for diagnostic imaging of the lacrimal obstruction. It may help to clarify the cause and exact place of the obstruction and provide information for further management, especially surgical treatment. Increasingly, new techniques are used in diagnostic imaging of the lacrimal tract, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and isotopic methods.Adequate knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal system and the secretion and outflow of tears is the basis for proper diagnostic imaging. The purpose of this paper is to present the exact anatomy of the lacrimal system, with particular emphasis on the radiological anatomy and the current state of knowledge about the physiology of tear secretion and drainage.

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Congenital Causes of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Chambers

Katowitz

2011

Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Evaluation of Tearing in Children

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Canine dacryolithiasis: a case description and mineral analysis

Canine dacryolithiasis: a case description and mineral analysis

Diagnostic imaging of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Part I. Radiological anatomy of lacrimal pathways. Physiology of tear secretion and tear outflow

Congenital Causes of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

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