Evaluation of the anti-biofilm activities of bacterial cellulose-tannic acid-magnesium chloride composites using an in vitro multispecies biofilm model

Abstract

Chronic wounds are a serious worldwide problem, which are often accompanied by wound infections. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC)-based composites introduced with tannic acid (TA) and magnesium chloride (BC-TA-Mg) were fabricated for anti-biofilm activities. The prepared composites' surface properties, mechanical capacity, thermal stability, water absorption and retention property, releasing behavior, anti-biofilm activities, and potential cytotoxicity were tested. Results show that TA and MgCl2 particles closely adhered to the nanofibers of BC membranes, thus increasing surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the membranes. While the introduction of TA and MgCl2 did not influence the transparency of the membranes, making it beneficial for wound inspection. BC-TA and BC-TA-Mg composites displayed increased tensile strength and elongation at break compared to pure BC. Moreover, BC-TA-Mg exhibited higher water absorption and retention capacity than BC and BC-TA, suitable for the absorption of wound exudates. BC-TA-Mg demonstrated controlled release of TA and good inhibitory effect on both singly-cultured S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm and co-cultured biofilm of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity grade of BC-TA-6Mg membrane was eligible based on standard toxicity classifications. These indicated that BC-TA-Mg is potential to be used as wound dressings combating biofilms in chronic wounds.

Synergistic chemo-/photothermal therapy based on supercritical technology-assisted chitosan–indocyanine green/luteolin nanocomposites for wound healing

“…More importantly, bacteria tend to be irreversibly adherent to the wound surface, promoting cell–cell communication pathways, producing extracellular polymeric substances and forming biofilms [ 5 ]. The emergence of biofilms substantially reduces the penetration of antibacterial agents and substantially immune response to bacteria, promoting drug tolerance and eventually leading to tissue damage [ 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an effective and safe strategy that can efficiently eliminate the threat of biofilms and remove all bacteria from the wound sites.…”

A Novel Approach To Identify Inhibitors of Iron Acquisition Systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…An unexpected finding of our HTS assay was the observation that tannic acid (TA) and zinc pyrithione (ZPT) inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of both FeCl 3 and Hm. Previous studies have shown that these molecules can be potent inhibitors of P. aeruginosa during both planktonic and biofilm growth ( 47 , 48 ). Since TA and ZPT are known metal-chelating compounds ( 49 , 50 ), it is likely that they inhibit P. aeruginosa growth in FeCl 3 through ferric iron chelation.…”

Aggregation-induced emission biomaterials for anti-pathogen medical applications: detecting, imaging and killing

“…Biofilm-related infections, such as dental plaque and bone implant, have brought great suffering to patients and heavy financial burden to society [ 98 , 99 ]. Bacterial biofilm is a unified community where bacteria are encapsulated by the matrix, leading to the resistance to antibiotics [ 100 ].…”