Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of the Natural Polyphenol Chlorogenic Acid

Abstract

Phenolic compounds are numerous and ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, being particularly present in health-promoting foods. Epidemiological evidences suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods reduces the incidence of cancer, coronary heart disease and inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the most abundant polyphenol compounds in human diet. Data obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments show that CGA mostly presents antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. However, the effects of CGA on the inflammatory reaction and on the related pain and fever processes have been explored less so far. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of CGA in rats. In comparison to control, CGA at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg inhibited carrageenin-induced paw edema beginning at the 2nd hour of the experimental procedure. Furthermore, at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg CGA also inhibited the number of flinches in the late phase of formalin-induced pain test. Such activities may be derived from the inhibitory action of CGA in the peripheral synthesis/release of inflammatory mediators involved in these responses. On the other hand, even at the highest tested dose (200 mg/kg), CGA did not inhibit the febrile response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Additional experiments are necessary in order to clarify the true target for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of CGA.

Turkish Scorzonera Species Extracts Attenuate Cytokine Secretion via Inhibition of NF-κB Activation, Showing Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Vitro

“…3) and previous assays showing relatively high content of phenolics [22][23][24], together with our qualitative HPLC analysis and literature reports about the activity of content compounds lead us to idea of testing the isolated content compounds. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities of chlorogenic acid (8) have previously been reported [2,32,33]. It was isolated as anti-inflammatory compound from Sambucus ebulus L. [2] and as anti-inflammatory and analgesic compound from Cheilanthes farinose (Forsk.)…”

Eryngium foetidum Suppresses Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Macrophages

“…The E. foetidum leaf extract contains kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, lutein, and β-carotene. All components have been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory activities, and some also have antioxidant activities (Ching et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2004;Shin et al, 2004;Bai et al, 2005;Kowalski et al, 2005;dos Santos et al, 2006;Hamalainen et al, 2007;Chao et al, 2009;Shan et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2010). Several bioactive compounds in E. foetidum leaves were recently reported (Paul et al, 2010) to play a role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.…”

Antihypertensive effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acids

“…The anti-inflammatory effect of CGAs, although less explored, is also likely to be relevant to the integrity of overall vascular function and BP regulation in the long run. 55,56 Unlike many direct peripheral vasodilators, the hypotensive effect of GCE or CGA was not accompanied by reflex tachycardia, a relevant sign of sympathetic nerve activation. 57,58 Previous studies implicated that both ferulic acid and caffeic acid modulated NO pathways in the central nervous system.…”