Evaluation of the anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of myrtenol, a plant‐derived monoterpene alcohol, in mice

Abstract

Inflammation is characterized by vasodilatation, increase of blood flow and vascular permeability, migration of leucocytes to the inflammatory site, and production of cytokines. The aim of this study was evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of (−)‐myrtenol, a plant‐derived monoterpene alcohol, in mice and its possible mechanisms. Myrtenol was used in classical models of inflammation (paw oedema induced by different agents, carrageenan‐induced peritonitis, myeloperoxidase levels and cytokine measurement) and nociception (acetic acid‐induced writhing, hot‐plate test, and paw licking induced by formalin, glutamate, and capsaicin). Pretreatment with myrtenol effectively inhibited paw oedema induced by carrageenan, compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2. Myrtenol also reduced the cell counts, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine levels (interleukin 1β, but not tumour necrosis factor‐α) of the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan. In addition, myrtenol inhibited acetic acid‐induced writhing, did not significantly prolong the latency time in the hot‐plate test, decreased licking time caused by an intraplantar injection of formalin (only in the second phase), glutamate and capsaicin. Myrtenol reduces the inflammatory response and nociception in mice due to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, cell migration and also to the signalling pathway of receptors involved in the transmission of pain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Efficacy of a phenol derivative, isopropyl vanillate, as an anti‐inflammatory agent: A new small molecule inhibitor of COX and neutrophil migration

“…Our results showed that ISP‐VT significantly decreased paw edema induced by compound 48/80 and DEX. Dextran and compound 48/80 promote the formation of acellular osmotic edema, increasing vascular permeability and release of vasoactive amines (Kimura et al, ; Silva et al, ). These data were corroborated by results showing that ISP‐VT also inhibited the formation of histamine and 5‐HT induced edema.…”

“…Intravital microscopy was used to evaluate leukocyte rolling and adhesion to mesenteric microcirculation and performed as previously described (Fortes, Farsky, Oliveira, & Garcia‐Leme, ; Silva et al, ). Mice were treated with ISP‐VT (1 mg/kg of body weight) 30 min before carrageenan (500 μg/cavity) administration.…”

Volatile profiles of the orpines roots: Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba, H. maximum (L.) Holub and H. spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba x telephium (L.) H. Ohba

“…Myrtenol could be produced via oxidation of monoterpene (+)‐α‐pinene or by biotransformation of monoterpene aldehyde myrtenal by Euglena as the major product followed by myrtenoic acid as the minor product . It is fragrance and flavour agent (17.5 ppm in 5% sugar solution is recommended dose of myrtenol by “Symrise AG”, Germany), but it also has antibacterial, sedative, hypotensive, anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive properties . After myrtenol, abundantly present compound in SE is oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol, also flavour and fragrance agents, which together with other C 8 volatile compounds (3‐octanol and 3‐octanone) could contribute to mushroom and metallic flavour.…”

Geraniol Induces Antinociceptive Effect in Mice Evaluated in Behavioural and Electrophysiological Models

“…Indeed, induced nociceptive behaviour (after intraplantar formalin injection) is also attenuated by antagonists of glutamate receptors, specifically at the final stage of the test [52]. Previously, analogous monoterpenic alcohol, myrtenol, showed similar response to geraniol in both the formalin and glutamate test [53]. Also GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are densely distributed in the superficial dorsal horn, and GABA displays a key role as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the modulation of nociceptive processing [40,45,54].…”