Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells

Abstract

Known for centuries as a "wonder" plant, Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. has many biological and pharmacological activities. These effects are due to the variety of the chemical compounds including anthraquinones, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, vitamins and enzymes contained (Choi and Chung 2003; Du Plessis and Hamman 2014; Akev et al. 2015; Shrestha et al. 2015). Many of the medicinal effects have also been attributed to the immunomodulatory properties of the inner gel (Im et al. 2010), but it is also believed that synergistic action of the compounds contained in the whole leaf extracts is responsible for the multiple and diverse beneficial properties of the plant (Eshun and He 2004).The mucilageneous gel part of A. vera is used commercially as a softener in various cosmetic preparations, soaps and shampoos due to its glycoprotein content. The first known effects of A. vera after its cathartic activity, is the wound and burn healing effect of the leaves gel portion, widely supported in scientific literature (Capasso et al. 1998; Chithra et al. 1998; Heggers et al. 1995). Because of this effect, the gel is also added to many preparations used for skin treatment.Antitumor and cytotoxic potential of A. vera extracts continues to be the interest of scientific research from 1980's (Winters et al. 1981; Tsuda et al. 1993; Corsi et al. 1998) until recent years (Naveena Bharath and Selvasubramanian 2011; Du Plessis and Hamman 2014). In a research undertaken in our laboratory, A. vera leaf skin aqueous extract was proved to be effective as prophylactic against Ehrlich ascites tumours in vivo (Akev et al. 2007). The Food and Drug Administration of the USA has approved the developmental study of A. vera for the treatment of cancer and AIDS (Nandal and Bhardwaj 2012).Antitumor effect of aloe emodin (AE), the major anthraquinone derivative of A. vera, was reported in recent years (Cárdenas et al. 2006; Lee et al. 2006; Lin et al. 2006) and attention has been given recently to the possibility of utilizing AE as a chemothera-

Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas—Where Are We? Recent Updates

“…In vivo studies in murine models have documented the antitumor and antioxidant properties of Aloe vera against Ehrlich carcinoma and ascites in distinct cancer lineages [ 140 ]. Other studies have shown positive results from the use of Aloe vera compounds, especially those derived from anthraquinones, in different cancer lineages, including lung, duodenum, prostate, breast, and colon cancers and melanomas.…”

“…Another issue is that AE, due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in its structure, has the potential to trigger some tumor-promoting activity. In vivo and in vitro studies conducted with substances possessing the same chemical nature have shown that many of these tumorigenic activities involve different biochemical pathways of the organism, such as DNA replication, modulation of oncogenes, and accumulation of mutations in the genetic code [ 48 , 140 , 141 ].…”

Synergistic Effect of Barbadensis miller and Marsdenia Condurango Extracts Induces Apoptosis Promotes Oxidative Stress by Limiting Proliferation of Cervical Cancer and Liver Cancer Cells

“…Different modes of collaborative combination have been studied in several typical network environments as mentioned by Lehar et al (Lehár et al, 2007). Antitumor and cytotoxic potential of Barbadensis miller extract (BE) continues to be the center of interest for scientific research since 1980's and has extensively been used as an anticancer potential drug (Candoken et al, 2017) Marsdenia cundurango (Condurango), commonly known as condor vine. It is a medicinal plant whose bark extract ("mother tincture") is traditionally used in homeopathic medicines.…”

The Role of Aloe vera in Inhibiting the P53 Protein Expression and Enhancing the HT29 Colon Cancer Cells Proliferation

“…Aloe emodin's cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells is due to apoptosis (18). Also, the treatment of NIH3T3 cells with AVG may cause a delay in apoptosis (19). However, few studies have focused on the mechanism of Aloe vera cells in the HT29 cell lines.…”