Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of 20% Punica granatum, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used alone or in combinations against Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro study

Mallya, Laxmish; Shenoy, Ramya; Kundabala, M; Shenoy, Suchitra

doi:10.4103/jcd.jcd_43_19

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Herbal groups such as pomegranate extract, Tulsi extract and Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) are easily available and commonly used for their medicinal value. [ 2 3 9 10 ] Hence, these herbal agents were tried to evaluate their effect on root canal species in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis

Sisodiya

Ahmed

Sengupta

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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Background: The presence of pathogenic bacteria, toxins and byproducts in the root canal system show a decisive part in success of endodontic therapy. Thus, the complete removal of this bacterium is highly desirable. Several intracanal medicaments were tried to disinfect the root canal before obturation. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare Pomegranate, sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional observational prospective study. Materials and Methodology: Aqueous extract of 20% pomegranate peel, 20% pomegranate peel, 0.2% CHX, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Tulsi extract and Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) was used as agent against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and Staphylococci Epidermidis. Zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated and compared using analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test. The information was statistically evaluated with SPSS software version 20 with P < 0.05. Results and conclusion: The mean zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and S. Epidermidis was highest in chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite groups compared to herbal groups. MIC was least with group III followed by group II against all bacterial species (P < 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite found comparatively better followed by chlorhexidine and other agents against E. faecalis, F nucleatum and S. epidermidis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed that mixture of sodium hypochlorite with P. granatum and CHX demonstrated the greatest mean zones of inhibition. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis

Sisodiya

Ahmed

Sengupta

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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“…Data are conflicting however. For example, using the secondary outcome measures of microbial culture in vitro , 2% CHX had superior bactericidal properties to sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) on Enterococcus faecalis [ 88 ]. Conversely, after longer periods of irrigation for 20‐minutes, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was more effective at preventing bacterial growth than 2% CHX [ 89 ].…”

Section: Uses For Oral Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review

Brookes

Bescós

Belfield

et al. 2020

Journal of Dentistry

262

158

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Objectives Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic mouthwash, used by dental practitioners and the public, due to its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of current antimicrobial uses of CHX relevant to dentistry in the context of oral diseases, highlighting need for further studies to support its safe and appropriate use. Study selection, data and sources Randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and national (UK and US) guidelines were consulted where available, with search terms for each subject category entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database. Results Some evidence existed to support adjunctive short-term use of CHX to manage dental plaque, and reduce clinical symptoms of gingivitis, dry socket, as well as reduce aerosolisation of bacteria. However, use must be weighed alongside the less desirable effects of CHX, including extrinsic staining of teeth, antimicrobial resistance to antiseptic agents and the rare, but fatal, allergic reactions to CHX. Conversely, evidence for the effectiveness of chlorhexidine to manage or prevent periodontitis, dental caries, necrotising periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, and infections associated with extraction and aerosolised viruses remains less certain. Conclusions The use of CHX in dentistry and oral healthcare continues to be widespread and thus it is important that dental practitioners understand that, based on its differential mechanisms of action on different microbes, appropriate clinical and dental use of CHX should be oral disease specific. However, further scientific and clinical research is required before full recommendations can be made.

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“…It is also able to survive in extreme conditions and are resistant to phagocytosis and antimicrobial agents. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis and smear layer removal in curved canals by different irrigation techniques: An in vitro study

et al. 2022

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Background: Various irrigation techniques have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of root canal debridement. Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial effect on Enterococcus faecalis and smear layer removal efficacy in curved canals by different irrigation techniques. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted permanent maxillary molars with curved mesiobuccal roots were inoculated with E. faecalis . The tooth samples were then divided into four groups: Group A – EndoVac, Group B – Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), Group C – Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), and Group D – Laser Irrigation with Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS). The percentage of bacterial reduction was calculated. The presence of smear layer from coronal, middle, and apical sections was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test. Intergroup comparison was made with Mann–Whitney U -test. Results: Although statistically insignificant, the irrigation techniques have shown considerable reduction in E. faecalis biofilm ( P > 0.05). EndoVac, PUI, and PIPS have shown significantly higher efficacy in removing smear layer from apical third than PDT ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The newer PIPS technology can be used as an efficient tool in the decontamination of root canals. However, more clinical studies in this aspect are required to ensure more thorough debridement and disinfection of the root canal system.

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of 20% Punica granatum, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used alone or in combinations against Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro study

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis

A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis

Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis and smear layer removal in curved canals by different irrigation techniques: An in vitro study

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