Evaluation of the applicability of polymeric materials to BTEX and fine product transformation by catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis as a part of the closed loop material economy

Gałko, Grzegorz; Rejdak, Michał; Tercki, Dariusz; Bogacka, Magdalena; Sajdak, Marcin

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105017

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Results values in the tables are average values from three repetitions of measurements. These achieved results are consistent with the other results in works [12,13,14] for comparison. The achieved results of the elemental analysis confirm the high potential for obtaining elements such as mainly carbon and hydrogen.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Automotive Waste with Study of Each Component Energy Potential

Holubčík

Klačko²,

Jandačka³

et al. 2022

MATEC Web Conf.

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Many research is aimed at improving municipal solid waste disposal and producing usable energy. Pyrolysis technology not only decreases the volume of municipal solid waste, but it also produces pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and carbon, all of which have a high calorific value and are widely used in industrial activities. This article focuses on the plant-based pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and automotive plastic trash. The research also discusses the pyrolysis energy potential of municipal solid waste components such as plastics, biomass, rubber, and plastics. The energy potential of plastic waste from vehicle components was also investigated in this study, which used thermogravimetric and elemental analysers. According to the findings of the examination of the most common plastic waste from automobiles, it is possible to determine the potential treatment of this waste by pyrolysis. By analyse municipal solid waste, it was discovered that waste treatment by pyrolysis might lower the environmental load in Slovakia in the future, ensuring a greater quality of life, inexpensive and sustainable energy for humanity, and strengthening waste treatment innovation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Automotive Waste with Study of Each Component Energy Potential

Holubčík

Klačko²,

Jandačka³

et al. 2022

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Benzene is commonly found in unleaded gasoline as a lead alternative, allowing for smoother operation. Furthermore, materials containing 50% benzene are used in the production of ethylbenzene, which is widely used to create styrene, together with a solvent for dyes and inks [19]. Approximately 20% of benzene is utilised as a raw material in the synthesis of phenol, 15% in the synthesis of hydrogenated cyclohexane, 5% in the synthesis of aniline and alkyl benzenes, and 10% in the synthesis of maleic anhydride, chlorobenzene, and other compounds.…”

Section: A Different Methods To Increase the Process Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 20% of benzene is utilised as a raw material in the synthesis of phenol, 15% in the synthesis of hydrogenated cyclohexane, 5% in the synthesis of aniline and alkyl benzenes, and 10% in the synthesis of maleic anhydride, chlorobenzene, and other compounds. p-Xylene is utilised in the production of PET, which is used to create plastic bottles [19]. Toluene is a low-cost and simple solvent that is widely utilised in industrial processes.…”

Section: A Different Methods To Increase the Process Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of approaches and methodologies for the transformation of polymeric materials may be applied. Thermal processes, in addition to providing useable energy in the form of heat and calorific combustible gases, can also provide important compounds such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) through pyrolysis [19]. The article discusses a number of issues related to the disposal and challenges related to the degradation of polymeric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends for the Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials: Analysis of Available Techniques, Issues, and Opportunities

Gałko¹,

Sajdak

2022

Applied Sciences

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This paper examines the degradation trends of polymeric materials during heat conversion and solvolysis processes. The presence of different fractions of polymeric materials, such as PET, PP, SBR, ABS, resin, and tier waste, necessitates the use of different procedures for degradation, transformation, and further elimination from the natural environment. A significant part of the work was devoted to discussing the issue of thermal pyrolysis, taking into account the chemical composition and the possible impact of the process reaction mechanism, the type of raw material used, and the influence of the process temperature on the yields of low, medium, and high boiling products. The issue was extended to the possibility of decomposition of polymers based on the use of catalytic additives for the improvement and efficiency of the process and the structural modification of reactors. The major goal of this investigation of these various options was to generate a spectrum of accessible strategies for polymeric material degradation. The optimal technique depends on the polymer type and predicted final product qualities. Different catalysts, such as ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 one of the most efficient catalysts), ZSM-5 with ammonium groups, and ZSM-5 with 10% Ni, improved the efficiency of several heating processes. The final products after polymeric material degradation were determined by the type and conditions of the degradation processes, results of the materials characterisation, and the scale of the reactors utilised.

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“…The possibility of managing environmentally harmful plastic waste, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) [66], textile and rubber wastes, as well as gaseous products of thermal conversion of these wastes; …”

Section: Possibilities Of Using Rdf Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of RDF Pyrolysis Products Utilization in the Face of the Energy Crisis

Skrzyniarz,

Sajdak,

Zajemska

et al. 2023

Energies

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The main goal of the study was to assess the possibility of practical use of products of pyrolysis of refuse-derived fuel (RDF), i.e., pyrolysis gas, biochar and pyrolysis oil, as an alternative to standard fossil fuels. The subject matter of the paper reaches out to the challenges faced by the global economy, not only in the context of the energy crisis, but also in the context of the energy transformation currently beginning in Europe. The increase in fuel and energy prices prompts countries to look for alternative solutions to Russian minerals. At the same time, the growing amount of municipal waste forces the implementation of solutions based on energy recovery (the amount of municipal waste per EU inhabitant in 2021 is 530 kg). One such solution is pyrolysis of RDF, i.e., fuels produced from the over-sieve fraction of municipal waste. In Poland, insufficient processing capacity of thermal waste conversion plants has led to significant surpluses of RDF (1.2 million Mg of undeveloped RDF in Poland in 2021). RDF, due to their high calorific value, can be a valuable energy resource (16–18 MJ/k). This issue is analyzed in this study.

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Evaluation of the applicability of polymeric materials to BTEX and fine product transformation by catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis as a part of the closed loop material economy

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Pyrolysis Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Automotive Waste with Study of Each Component Energy Potential

Pyrolysis Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Automotive Waste with Study of Each Component Energy Potential

Trends for the Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials: Analysis of Available Techniques, Issues, and Opportunities

Possibilities of RDF Pyrolysis Products Utilization in the Face of the Energy Crisis

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