Evaluation of the botanical origin of commercial dry bee pollen load batches using pollen analysis: a proposal for technical standardization

Barth, Ortrud Monika; Freitas, Alex da Silva de; Oliveira, Érika S.; Silva, Rosana A.; Maester, Fernanda M.; Andrella, Raquel R.S.; Cardozo, Gina Maria Bueno Quirino

doi:10.1590/s0001-37652010000400011

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The procedure followed the methodology proposed by Barth et al (2010) using two grams of each sample of dried bee pollen homogenate stirring in 70% ethanol. Centrifuge tubes were filled to 13 mL, and the material remained at rest for 30 min or overnight and was then submitted to sonication for five minutes to dissociate the pollen grains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional data were presented by Barth & Luz (1998) with regard to pollen collection inside mangrove areas, Barth (2004) in a review, Modro et al (2007), Luz et al (2007) in a forested area of Rio de Janeiro State, Melo et al (2009) in São Paulo State, Barth et al (2009), Luz et al (2010 in Minas Gerais State, Barth et al (2010) with regard to the technical processing of pollen loads, Luz et al (2011) in Espírito Santo State, Boff et al (2011) The present study aimed to investigate the botanical and geographical origins of bee pollen collected in four Brazilian macro-regions. This study aimed to provide also results that will contribute to improve the certification of this bee product and the preservation of the native vegetation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The botanical profiles of dried bee pollen loads collected by Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) in Brazil

Freitas¹,

Arruda²,

Almeida-Muradian³

et al. 2013

Sociobiology

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A total of 61 dried bee pollen samples collected in four Brazilian macro-regions within 19 municipalities were analyzed to identify the sources used by Apis mellifera (L.) for pollen production and to enable a more accurate product certification. Sample preparation followed the standard methodology, including washing the pollen grains with ethanol and then with water and homogenising the sediment in a water/glycerine solution for microscopic observation. Pollen counts included at least 500 pollen grains per sample. Only six samples, presenting a unique species or pollen type comprising more than 90% of the pollen sum, were considered monofloral, including Ambrosia sp., Cecropia sp.,Eucalyptus sp., Fabaceae, Mimosa scabrella (Benth.) spp. and Schinus sp. pollen types. The most frequent pollen types of the heterofloral pollen batches, based on a counting limit of 45%, included Anadenanthera sp., Asteraceae,Brassica sp., Caesalpiniaceae, Cocos nucifera (L.) sp., Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (Benth.) sp., Mimosa verrucosa(Benth.) sp., and Myrcia sp. pollen types. This result may be related to the great diversity of the Brazilian flora contributing to heterofloral pollen loads and honeys.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The botanical profiles of dried bee pollen loads collected by Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) in Brazil

Freitas¹,

Arruda²,

Almeida-Muradian³

et al. 2013

Sociobiology

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“…[13]. Dry pollen loads of 2 g of a sample (this is a pool of circa 300 pollen loads) were mixed with 70% ethanol to complete 13 mL, and sonicated for 5 min.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pollen For Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant mixtures were centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were used for HPLC/DAD analysis as previously described in Refs. [11,13] and for oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays as described in Ref. [14].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zea mays L. Pollen: An Approach to Its Quality Control

Campos¹,

Almaraz-Abarca²,

Matos³

et al. 2015

JAST-B

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Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples (honeybee collected pollen) is applied. For this purpose, several sources of Z. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint (flavonoid/phenolic profile) for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC/DAD) fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.

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“…Rico em proteínas, apresenta importância vital no desenvolvimento das larvas (9,10) ; além disso, o pólen também constitui a principal fonte de graxas, vitaminas e sais minerais para as abelhas e a sua ausência pode levar a colmeia à extinção (9,10) . Devido à demanda comercial, a produção de pólen apícola aumentou nos últimos anos e a abelha Apis mellífera destaca-se como a melhor fornecedora deste produto (11) . A quantidade de pólen colhido por uma colônia de A. mellifera depende da quantidade de operárias forrageiras e da cria (ovos -larvas) presente nesta colônia (12) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified