Evaluation of the Bromosulfophthalein 30‐Minute Retention Test for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Disease in Dogs

Flatland, Bente; Leib, Michael S.; Warnick, Lorin D.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02277.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In another r e v i e w, including 50 cases of primary hepatic disease, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity occurred most frequently followed by undifferentiated nonmegalocytic cirrhosis (McGorum et al 1999). However, in other studies, many cases of hepatopathy have remained unclassifiable and constitute a heterogeneous group referred to as 'other' (Parraga et al 1995) or 'unclassifiable' (Flatland et al 2000). Most cases of unclassifiable hepatopathy and cholangiohepatitis in the present study displayed vague and mild clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Equine hepatic disease: the effect of patient‐ and case‐specific variables on risk and prognosis

Smith

Stevens

Durham³

et al. 2003

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Reasons for performing study: Liver disease is fairly common in horses and, although previous literature suggests that fatality rates are high, impressions gained from current clinical practice suggest that this is no longer the case. Objectives: A case‐control study was undertaken in 2 hospitals to investigate whetherage, gender or breed type predisposed horses to developing hepatic disease, with the additional aim of determining whether these factors and disease category had any effect on outcome. Methods: Eighty‐eight cases were identified by review of computerised archives at 2 hospitals. Three cases admitted immediately before and afterthe cases were used as controls. Multivariant models were developed to explore the relationship between age, breed type and gender and the development of liverdisease, and within the clinical cases, to identify whetherany of these factors orspecific forms of liver disease were associated with fatality rate. Results: Ponies were more likely to develop hepatic disease than light riding horses, but neither age nor gender were significant risk factors. Overall, the fatality rate was fairly low; horses with unclassified hepatopathies had the lowest fatality rate and those with cholangiohepatitis, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity and chronic active hepatitis had significantly higher fatality rates in comparison. However, age, breed type and gender had no detectable effect on outcome. Conclusions and potential relevance: Such data could be of particular value to equine practitioners, as the cases were drawn from both primary and referral practice, and were all seen within the last 5 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Equine hepatic disease: the effect of patient‐ and case‐specific variables on risk and prognosis

Smith

Stevens

Durham³

et al. 2003

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Considering the IC 50 values determined in our current study (Table ) and the physiological ( in vivo ) serum concentrations of these compounds, significant inhibition of OATP1A2 function can be expected following quinine treatment (plasma concentrations of quinine are 6–25 µ m ). Based on our data, BSP may also interfere with OATP1A2 and OATP1C1 function in vivo (serum concentrations can reach 3 µ m ); however, BSP is no longer used in liver function tests for humans . On the other hand, in vivo ES plasma concentrations are in the nanomolar range ; therefore, the in vivo relevance of OATP1A2 or OATP1C1 in ES transport may be less relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A novel fluorescence‐based functional assay for human OATP1A2 and OATP1C1 identifies interaction between third‐generation P‐gp inhibitors and OATP1A2

et al. 2019

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Organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2), expressed in the human blood–brain barrier, promotes drug uptake from the blood and hence can be exploited for central nervous system‐targeted drug delivery. The thyroid transporter OATP1C1, expressed in the choroid plexus and in astrocytes, is also a potential pharmacological target. Based on their established pharmacological relevance, screening the drug interaction profile of OATP1A2 and OATP1C1 is highly desirable. However, drug interaction screens require suitable model systems and functional assays. In the current study, uptake of a set of cell‐impermeable fluorescent dyes was screened in HEK‐293 and A431 cell lines overexpressing OATP1A2 and OATP1C1. Based on the uptake of fluorescent dye substrates, a functional assay was developed, which was used to characterize OATP inhibitors/substrates. We identify Live/Dead Green (LDG), Live‐or‐Dye 488, and sulforhodamines 101, G, and B as novel fluorescent substrates of OATP1A2 and OATP1C1. We show that LDG uptake is proportional to OATP1A2/1C1 expression, allowing the isolation of cells expressing high transporter levels. Additionally, dye uptake can be used to characterize the drug interaction pattern of OATP1A2 and OATP1C1. We demonstrate that third‐generation P‐glycoprotein inhibitors elacridar, tariquidar, and zosuquidar inhibit OATP1A2 function. Increased toxicity of elacridar in OATP1A2‐expressing cells suggests that OATP1A2 may modulate the distribution of this compound. The fluorescence‐based assays developed in the current study are a good alternative of radioligand‐based tests and pave the way toward high‐throughput screens for OATP1A2/1C1 drug interaction studies.

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“…In addition to establishing the presence of liver disease, biopsy can also help establish the precise type of disease, although clear aetiological categorisation is not possible in many clinical cases. Many reported cases of hepatopathy in horses and other species have remained unclassified and constitute a heterogeneous group referred to as 'others' (Parraga et al 1995) or 'unclassifiable' (Flatland et al 2000). The majority of cases in this study also lacked classically described diagnostic histopathological features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development and application of a scoring system for prognostic evaluation of equine liver biopsies

Durham¹,

Smith

Newton

et al. 2003

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Reasons for performing study: The study was designed to investigate the prognostic value of liver biopsy during investigation of cases of suspected liver disease in mature horses. Hypothesis: That liver biopsy is the most prognostically useful technique in common usage in the investigation of suspected liver disease. Methods: This study examined the prognostic value of liver biopsy during the investigation of suspected liver disease in 73 mature horses. Histopathological variables comprising fibrosis, irreversible cytopathology, inflammatory infiltration, haemosiderin accumulation and biliary hyperplasia were found to be significant predictors of nonsurvival and were used to formulate a weighted biopsy score representing a prognostically useful broad comparative index of histopathological severity. Minimum and maximum possible scores were 0 and 14 points, respectively. Results: Retrospective application of the biopsy scoring system to the study population indicated that horses with scores of 0 or 1 were equally likely to survive to 6 months with a combined mortality of 4%. Horses with biopsy scores between 2 and 6 had a combined mortality of 33% and were at a 12‐fold increased risk of nonsurvival within 6 months (hazard ratio = 12.04, 95%CI 1.34–107.81, P = 0.026) compared to horses with a biopsy score of 0. Horses with biopsy scores between 7 and 14 had a combined mortality of 86% and were at a 46‐fold increased risk of nonsurvival (hazard ratio = 46.01, 95%CI 5.92–357.5, P < 0.001) compared to horses with biopsy score 0. Conclusions: Application of the biopsy scoring system to histopathological findings in liver biopsy specimens was very useful in predicting survival of cases of suspected liver disease. Potential relevance: Application of the findings in this study may not be directly applicable to other case populations. However, liver biopsy appears to be the most valuable prognostic technique employed during the investigation of suspected cases of liver disease in mature horses.

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Evaluation of the Bromosulfophthalein 30‐Minute Retention Test for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Disease in Dogs

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Equine hepatic disease: the effect of patient‐ and case‐specific variables on risk and prognosis

Equine hepatic disease: the effect of patient‐ and case‐specific variables on risk and prognosis

A novel fluorescence‐based functional assay for human OATP1A2 and OATP1C1 identifies interaction between third‐generation P‐gp inhibitors and OATP1A2

Development and application of a scoring system for prognostic evaluation of equine liver biopsies

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