Evaluation of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum extract as an antimicrobial and feeding additives

Abstract

Plant disease administration is difficult due to the nature of phytopathogens. Biological control is a safe method to avoid the problems related to fungal diseases affecting crop productivity and some human pathogenic bacteria. For that, the antimicrobial activity of the seaweed Sargassum muticum methanol and water extracts were investigated against human bacterial pathogens and fungal plant pathogens. By using 70 percent methanol, the seaweed powder was extracted, feeding additives assay, ultrastructure (TEM). Results revealed significant inhibition of S. muticum methanol extract against Salmonella typhi (25.66 mm), Escherichia coli (24.33 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.33 mm) and Bacillus subtilis. (19.66 mm), some fungal phytopathogens significantly inhibited Fusarium moniliforme (30.33mm), Pythium ultimum (26.33 mm), Aspergillus flavus (24.36mm), and Macrophomina phaseolina (22.66mm). Phytochemical investigation of S. muticum extract showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Results suggested that there is an appreciable level of antioxidant potential in S. muticum (79.86%) DPPH scavenging activity. Ultrastructural studies of Fusarium moniliforme hypha grown on a medium containing S. muticum extract at concentration 300mg/ml showed a thickening cell wall, disintegration of cytoplasm, large lipid bodies and vacuoles. In conclusion, our study revealed The antibacterial activity of S. muticum extract significantly against some Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic and some mycotoxin producer fungi. Flavonoids, phenolic play an important role as antioxidants and antimicrobial properties. Such study revealed that S. muticum methanol extract could be used as ecofriendly biocontrol for phytopathogenic fungi and feeding additives to protect livestock products.

Antibacterial Activity of Sargassum sp. Extract Encapsulated into Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles

“…Extract could be used as a promising natural antibacterial agent against E. coli and Salmonella sp. This finding was corroborated by the study of Nofal et al [32] which also found that Nano F3 * 5.90 ± 0.44 d 8.67 ± 0.51 e ab uncommon superscripts indicated significant different (P < 0.05) * Nanoparticles were synthesized with the chitosan: Sargassum sp. Extract:tripolyphosphate ratios of 4:0:2 (Nano F0), 4:1:2 (Nano F1), 4:2:2 (Nano F2), and 4:4:2 (Nano F3).…”

Seaweed as a Natural Source against Phytopathogenic Bacteria

“…In addition, various phenolic groups have been found in seaweed extracts, with antibacterial activity demonstrated through in vitro methodologies from a wide range of seaweed, including Anthophycus longifolius and Gracilaria gracilis (highlighting the abundancy of flavonoids), with activity against Bacillus subtilis [ 160 , 161 ]; Caulerpa peltata , Caulerpa scalpelliformis , Sargassum aquifolium , Colpomenia peregrina , Ellisolandia elongata , Punctaria latifolia , Punctaria plantaginea , Scytosiphon lomentaria , and Zanardimia typus with inhibition capacity against Staphylococcus aureus [ 139 , 162 , 163 , 164 ]; Sarconema filiforme against Pseudomonas sp. [ 165 ]; Sargassum muticum against B. subtilis , Escherichia coli and S. aureus [ 166 ]; Sargassum tenerrimum against B. subtilis , E. coli, P. aeruginosa , and S. aureus [ 167 , 168 , 169 ]; Sargassum cristaefolium against E. coli and S. aureus [ 164 ]; Gracilaria corticata , S. wightii , and Ulva lactuca against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [ 170 , 171 ]. In cases of resistant bacteria, some macroalgae extracts have shown higher effectiveness when combined with artificial chemical products, such as antibiotics, demonstrating a positive synergistic activity between the antibiotics and the natural compounds present in the extracts.…”

Chemical constituents and antifungal potential of Attalea geraensis Barb. Rodr. (Arecaceae) palm leaves, a species native to the Cerrado of Brazil

“…In general, flavonoids protect plants against different biotic agents and abiotic stresses and among the many benefits to plants, they are considered signaling molecules in the defense against phytopathogens (Cesco et al, 2012). The fungicidal potential attributed to flavonoids, in terms of inhibiting fungal growth (fungicide effect) or limiting its development (fungistatic effect), or acting as elicitors, is often associated with the diversity and quantity of this class of polyphenols (Stanković et al, 2012;Hassan et al, 2021;Nofal et al, 2024).…”