Evaluation of the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro study

Abstract

Objective:We aimed to evaluate the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-Ag and nano-ZnO, respectively). Methods: In this experimental study, 30 orthodontic bands were divided into three groups (n = 10 each): control (uncoated band), Ag (silver-coated band), and ZnO (zinc oxide-coated band). The electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposition method was used to coat orthodontic bands with nano-Ag or nano-ZnO. The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of nano-Ag and nano-ZnO against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. Biocompatibility tests were conducted using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The groups were compared using oneway analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. Results: The Ag group showed a significantly higher reduction in the number of L. acidophilus, C. albicans, and S. mutans colonies than the ZnO group (p = 0.015, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively). Compared with the control group, the Ag group showed a 2-log 10 reduction in all the microorganisms' replication ability, but only S. mutants showed a 2-log 10 reduction in replication ability in the ZnO group. The lowest mean cell viability was observed in the Ag group, but the difference between the groups was insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Coating orthodontic bands with nano-ZnO or nano-Ag induced antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. Among the nanoparticles, nano-Ag showed the best antimicrobial activity and nano-ZnO showed the highest biocompatibility.

Functional Surface Coatings on Orthodontic Appliances: Reviews of Friction Reduction, Antibacterial Properties, and Corrosion Resistance

“…Other components of orthodontic appliances, such as ligature wires, buccal tubes, and orthodontic band strips, have not been discussed in depth. Of course, functional surface coatings for orthodontic bands have recently emerged, such as AgNPs coatings with enhanced antimicrobial properties [ 200 ]. Going forward, each attachment for fixed appliances should be taken into account for future improvements.…”

Corrosion of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: Causes, Concerns, and Mitigation Strategies

“…Palanivel et al [444] also compared the friction forces of SS brackets against uncoated, ZnO-NPs-, or AlO-NPs-coated NiTi archwires, finding that the latter coating type showed an intermediate performance. ZnO-NPs-coated SS bands showed in vitro biocompatibility with HGF cells [364].…”

“…Similarly, other authors [362] reported a significant decrease in the activity of S. mutans and L. acidophilus after a 24-48 h incubation with Ag-NPs-coated segments of SS orthodontic bands. Ag-NP coatings provide antimicrobial properties to SS brackets [48], bands [363,364] and archwires [365], namely against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, C. albicans, and L. acidophilus [48,364,365]. Coated NiTi archwires induced a more than 90% decrease in the adhesion of S. sanguinis and L. salivaris [366].…”

Cutting-edge developments in zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and applications for enhanced antimicrobial and UV protection in healthcare solutions

“…8,83 The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs arises from their ability to induce oxidative stress, disrupt cell membrane integrity, and interfere with cellular functions in microorganisms. 84…”