Evaluation of the characteristics of root canal calcification after regenerative endodontic procedures: A retrospective cohort study over 3 years

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of root canal calcification after regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) during long‐term follow‐up. Design Data of children who underwent REPs and were followed up for >3 years in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China, from January 2013 to January 2019, were collected. All the patients were treated by the protocol of REPs based on the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) protocol. A total of 91 teeth of 54 boys and 37 girls (average age 10.4 ± 1.9 years) with follow‐up duration >3 years were included. The follow‐up duration ranged from 36 to 92 months (average, 53.2 ± 13.4 months). The prevalence, contributing factors, and long‐term prognoses of root canal calcification after REPs are discussed. Independent t‐test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of root canal calcification was 78% (71/91). The use of calcium hydroxide paste was significantly correlated with the occurrence of root canal calcification (p < .05). Some teeth showed aggravation of calcification with time; however, not all teeth showed calcification after longer follow‐up duration. Conclusions Teeth treated with REPs had a relatively high probability of root canal calcification detection during the long‐term follow‐up. The occurrence of calcification is related to the use of calcium hydroxide paste but does not affect the long‐term prognosis of teeth.

Discoloration after revascularization using calcium phosphosilicate-based bioceramic versus mineral trioxide aggregate in necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth: A Randomized clinical trial

“…In Group II, calcification was initially detected in two cases (8.3%) at 6 months and in 2 (9.5%) cases at 12 months. In contrast to the retrospective cohort study,[ 36 ] root canal calcification was found in 78% of cases; this difference may be attributed to the use of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication and the longer follow-up period (3 years). The underlying cause of calcification in root canals has been attributed to the migration of periodontal stem cells and bone marrow stem cells from the alveolar bone into the bloodstream through the apical foramen.…”

“…[ 35 ] The apical foramen width of this study exhibited similarities to those reported by Aly et al .,[ 13 ] they observed a reduction of 46.15% in the apical diameter using MTA after 1 year of follow-up. Furthermore, a previous study[ 36 ] reported that 47% of the total teeth achieved complete apical closure at 6 months, and most teeth (96%) achieved apical foramen closure within 24 months. The variation in apical foramen width outcomes in the present study compared to Jiang et al .…”

“…The variation in apical foramen width outcomes in the present study compared to Jiang et al . [ 36 ] study could potentially be attributed to several factors, including the incorporation of anterior and premolar teeth, the utilization of a collagen membrane positioned within the middle third of the root, and disparities in etiological factors such as trauma and dens evaginatus.…”