Evaluation of the Complexity of Control of Simple Linear Hand Movements Using Principal Component Analysis

Gorkovenko, A. V.; Lehedza, O. V.; Abramovych, T. I.; Pilewska, Wiesława; Mischenko, V. S.; Zasada, Mariusz

doi:10.1007/s11062-019-09804-w

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Time (normalized) was set in rows and joint angles/muscle activations were set in columns. The first principal component (PC1) is a measure of task complexity; the smaller the PC1 value, the more complex the task and vice versa [37]. PCAs were based on the covariance matrix in order to keep angles non-normalized [31].…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This better motor control may have originated from the acquisition of a behavioural repertoire that gradually formed an evolutionary advantage for dissociated bimanual limb movements in general and stone tool production in particular [90]. Task complexity and motor control demands are multifactorial, and their analysis remains an ongoing concern [31,37]. Variance accounted for by PC1 is an indicator among others, and further studies using complementary approaches are needed to get a more comprehensive view on this point.…”

Section: Motor Control Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared techniques' complexity in terms of control strategies involved in the processes, at the level of both kinematic and muscle activity patterns. More specifically, we used PCA to report variance accounted for by PC1 as it significantly depends on the conditions of the motor task and therefore can be interpreted as a measure of the complexity of movement control for the CNS [37].…”

Section: Motor Control Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muscle and ligament attachment sites on bone [25] which are the only remains of the musculotendinous unit in fossils) [34][35][36]. In the case of the stone knapping task, the variance accounted for by the first principal component (PC1) significantly depends on the conditions of the motor task and can be interpreted as a measure of the complexity of movement control for the CNS [37]. Based on the above-mentioned concepts, stone tool production has been interpreted as being diagnostic of the cognitive and motor skills of extinct hominins [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical demands of percussive techniques in the context of early stone toolmaking

Macchi

Daver

Brenet

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Recent discoveries in archaeology and palaeoanthropology highlight that stone tool knapping could have emerged first within the genera Australopithecus or Kenyanthropus rather than Homo . To explore the implications of this hypothesis determining the physical demands and motor control needed for performing the percussive movements during the oldest stone toolmaking technology (i.e. Lomekwian) would help. We analysed the joint angle patterns and muscle activity of a knapping expert using three stone tool replication techniques: unipolar flaking on the passive hammer (PH), bipolar (BP) flaking on the anvil, and multidirectional and multifacial flaking with free hand (FH). PH presents high levels of activity for Biceps brachii and wrist extensors and flexors. By contrast, BP and FH are characterized by high solicitation of forearm pronation. The synergy analyses depict a high muscular and kinematic coordination. Whereas the muscle pattern is very close between the techniques, the kinematic pattern is more variable, especially for PH. FH displays better muscle coordination and conversely lesser joint angle coordination. These observations suggest that the transition from anvil and hammer to freehand knapping techniques in early hominins would have been made possible by the acquisition of a behavioural repertoire producing an evolutionary advantage that gradually would have been beneficial for stone tool production.

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Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motor Control Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motor Control Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biomechanical demands of percussive techniques in the context of early stone toolmaking

Macchi

Daver

Brenet

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the great number of muscles involved in these motor acts, the synergetic effects are studied using multichannel EMG records and special correlation computing procedures, such as primary component analysis ( Ivanenko et al, 2004 , 2005 ). In recent years, these approaches have also been applied to the analysis of targeted movements of the forelimbs in humans ( Steele et al, 2015 ; Gorkovenko et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Turpin et al, 2020 ). In the above investigations and in the present study, slow arm movements that do not involve distal hand muscles are considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Commands to the Elbow and Shoulder Muscles During Circular Planar Movements of Hand With Simultaneous Generation of Tangential Forces

et al. 2022

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This study examines some of the non-linear effects of signal transduction in the human motor system, with particular emphasis on muscle hysteresis. The movement tests were analyzed in a group of eight subjects, which were asked to develop tangential force using visual biofeedback while performing slow, externally imposed, circular movements of right hand holding a moving handle operated by a computerized mechatronic system. The positional changes in the averaged EMGs of the elbow and shoulder muscles were compared for all combinations of direction of movement and generated force. Additionally, for one of the subjects, there was carried out MRI identification and 3D printing of the bones of the forelimb, shoulder, scapula and collarbone, which made it possible to reconstruct for him the length and force traces of all the muscles under study. The averaged EMG traces in muscles of both joints show their close correspondence to the related force traces, however, the co-activation patterns of activity in agonists and antagonists were also often encountered. The EMG waves related to the respective force waves were strongly dependent on the predominant direction of the muscle length changes within the correspondent force wave locations: the EMG intensities were higher for the shortening muscle movements (concentric contractions) and lower during muscle lengthening (eccentric contractions). The data obtained allows to suggest that for two-joint movements of the forelimbs, it is sufficient to consider the force and activation synergies (patterns of simultaneous activity in different muscles), ignoring at the first stage the effects associated with kinematic synergy. On the other hand, the data obtained indicate that the movement kinematics has a strong modulating effect on the activation synergy, dividing it into concentric and eccentric subtypes, in accordance with the known non-linear features of the muscle dynamics. It has been shown that the concentric and eccentric differences in the responses of the shoulder muscles are more clearly distinguishable than those in the elbow muscles. The shoulder muscles also have a more pronounced symmetry of the averaged EMG responses with respect to the ascending and descending phases of force waves, while demonstrating a lower degree of antagonist cocontraction. The data obtained suggest that the central commands in two-joint movements are determined mainly by the interdependence of force and activation synergies including both intra- and inter-joint components, while kinematic synergy can be interpreted as a potent modulator of activation synergy.

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Motor Commands for Planar Movements of the Upper Limb: Modeling with Taking into Account Realistic Osteo-Muscular Relations

et al. 2020

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Evaluation of the Complexity of Control of Simple Linear Hand Movements Using Principal Component Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Biomechanical demands of percussive techniques in the context of early stone toolmaking

Biomechanical demands of percussive techniques in the context of early stone toolmaking

Central Commands to the Elbow and Shoulder Muscles During Circular Planar Movements of Hand With Simultaneous Generation of Tangential Forces

Motor Commands for Planar Movements of the Upper Limb: Modeling with Taking into Account Realistic Osteo-Muscular Relations

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