Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Various Passive Monitors and Active Monitors for Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Nothstein, Greg L.; Hahne, Rolf M. A.; Spence, Mark W.

doi:10.1080/15298660008984516

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The measurements are time consuming and accompanied by considerable labour costs. Passive sampling may be an alternative as it is simple, cost-effective and less intrusive ( Nothstein et al , 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Shirdel

Andersson

Bergdahl

et al. 2017

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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ObjectivesIn an occupational environment, passive sampling could be an alternative to active sampling with pumps for sampling of dust. One passive sampler is the University of North Carolina passive aerosol sampler (UNC sampler). It is often analysed by microscopic imaging. Promising results have been shown for particles above 2.5 µm, but indicate large underestimations for PM2.5. The aim of this study was to evaluate, and possibly improve, the UNC sampler for stationary sampling in a working environment.MethodsSampling was carried out at 8-h intervals during 24 h in four locations in an open pit mine with UNC samplers, respirable cyclones, PM10 and PM2.5 impactors, and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). The wind was minimal. For quantification, two modifications of the UNC sampler analysis model, UNC sampler with hybrid model and UNC sampler with area factor, were compared with the original one, UNC sampler with mesh factor derived from wind tunnel experiments. The effect of increased resolution for the microscopic imaging was examined.ResultsUse of the area factor and a higher resolution eliminated the underestimation for PM10 and PM2.5. The model with area factor had the overall lowest deviation versus the impactor and the cyclone. The intraclass correlation (ICC) showed that the UNC sampler had a higher precision and better ability to distinguish between different exposure levels compared to the cyclone (ICC: 0.51 versus 0.24), but lower precision compared to the impactor (PM10: 0.79 versus 0.99; PM2.5: 0.30 versus 0.45). The particle size distributions as calculated from the different UNC sampler analysis models were visually compared with the distributions determined by APS. The distributions were obviously different when the UNC sampler with mesh factor was used but came to a reasonable agreement when the area factor was used.ConclusionsHigh resolution combined with a factor based on area only, results in no underestimation of small particles compared to impactors and cyclones and a better agreement with the APS’s particle size distributions. The UNC sampler had lower precision than the impactors, but higher than the respirable cyclone. The UNC sampler with area factor could be used for PM2.5, PM10 and respirable fraction measurements in this working environment without wind.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Shirdel

Andersson

Bergdahl

et al. 2017

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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“…The simplicity of measurement devices allowed for accurate measurements being obtainable from unsupervised workers with minimal or no training (Liljelind et al, 2000(Liljelind et al, , 2001Egeghy et al, 2002;Sunnesson et al, 2002;Eriksson et al, 2005). Hence, results have been promising and SAE may be seen as cost-effective means of obtaining large datasets (Nothstein et al, 2000). However, it is unclear whether SAE also provides insight into long-term exposure, since Sunnesson et al (2002) observed that enthusiasm of participants sometimes decreased after the first couple of measurement sessions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents Among Shoe Repair Men

2006

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Self-assessment of exposure (SAE) refers to any exposure assessment methodology wherein the worker takes an active role in establishing his or her exposure status. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and feasibility of SAE approaches among shoe repair workers collecting exposure data over a 3 month period. This study was conducted in 26 Dutch shoe repair shops, which were divided into two groups of SAE with different levels of expert supervision. Participants in group 1 received only written instructions on sampling methods, whereas workers in group 2 were also instructed face-to-face by an occupational hygienist. Participants were asked to do 20 (group 1) or 14 (group 2) measurements by themselves. In group 2, an additional 6 measurements in each company were conducted under supervision of an expert. Organic solvents were measured by passive samplers (3M badges) and a sum score for volatile organic compounds (VOC score) was used in data analysis. Mixed effect models and principal component analysis were used to compare concentration levels and exposure variability between group 1 and group 2. Finally, 473 out of the 520 distributed samplers (91%) were available for analysis. Measurements in group 1 were not evenly spread over the 3 month period, whereas dispersal of measurements was much better if experts were more closely involved (group 2). No significant differences in average VOC scores were found between group 1 and group 2. The exposure variability in group 1 appeared to be significantly larger than that in group 2. However, analysis within group 2 showed that no differences exist in geometric means and exposure variability between 'expert' and 'self-assessment' measurements. Thus, the study results are ambiguous with respect to the reliability of SAE, and more research is needed to corroborate and refine the present results. This new methodology can, if proven reliable, be seen as a cost-effective way of collecting exposure data.

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“…Passive samplers are substantially less costly to construct and deploy than typical central monitoring equipment because they do not require a pump, flow control equipment, or a power source (Krupa and Legge 2000;Nothstein et al 2000). Briggs et al (2000) used passive samplers to measure nitrogen dioxide at 80 sites in four metropolitan areas to develop an air quality model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Shelter to Protect a Passive Sampler for Coarse Particulate Matter, PM_{10 − 2.5}

Ott¹,

Peters²

2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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This work designed and tested a shelter to protect a passive sampler for measuring coarse particulate matter, PM 10−2.5 . The shelter protects the sampler from precipitation and reduces the effects of wind on the deposition of particles to its collection surface. Six shelters were tested in a wind tunnel at three wind speeds: 2, 8, and 24 km hr −1 . Shelter performance was expressed as the ratio of PM 10−2.5 measured with the passive samplers to that measured with a filter-based dichotomous sampler. For most shelters, the PM 10−2.5 ratio averaged across wind speeds was well above one (2.4 to 8.5) and was generally dependent on wind speed. However, the PM 10−2.5 ratio for one shelter, the Flat Plates shelter, was 1.04 with substantially less effect on particle deposition from wind speed.

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Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Various Passive Monitors and Active Monitors for Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents Among Shoe Repair Men

A Shelter to Protect a Passive Sampler for Coarse Particulate Matter, PM_{10 − 2.5}

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Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Various Passive Monitors and Active Monitors for Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Improving the UNC Passive Aerosol Sampler Model Based on Comparison with Commonly Used Aerosol Sampling Methods

Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents Among Shoe Repair Men

A Shelter to Protect a Passive Sampler for Coarse Particulate Matter, PM10 − 2.5

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Product

Resources

About

A Shelter to Protect a Passive Sampler for Coarse Particulate Matter, PM_{10 − 2.5}