Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents Among Shoe Repair Men

doi:10.1093/annhyg/mel058

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another study showed that in 2004 [28], in a French serigraphy company, the median atmospheric concentration of solvents was 80.1 mg/m 3 for benzoic hydrocarbons. In the Netherlands, Hertsenberg et al [29] found average hexane and toluene concentrations respectively of 25.7 and 26.0 mg/m 3 in shoe repair shops during 2005. Average urinary concentration of 2,5-hexandione was 3.2 ± 2.9 mg/l among shoe makers in Turkey in 1997 [30], and the mean of hexane was 411.6 mg/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company

Gargouri

Khadhraoui

Nisse

et al. 2011

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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Objectivesto assess environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to organic solvents in a glue-manufacturing company in Sfax, Tunisia.MethodsExposure of volunteer workers, in the solvented glue-work-stations, in the control laboratory and in the storage rooms of the finished products, was assessed through indoor-air and urine measurements. Informed consent of the workers was obtained.Results and discussionThe exposure indexes were found with high values in the solvented workshop as well as in the control laboratory and were respectively, 8.40 and 3.12. These indexes were also correlated with hexane and toluene indoor air concentrations. As to urine, the obtained results for the 2,5-hexandione and hippuric acid, metabolites of hexane and toluene, respectively, were in accord with the indoor-air measurements, with an average of 0.46 mg/l and 1240 mg/g of creatinine.ConclusionThis study assessed for the first time biological exposure to organic solvents used in Tunisian adhesive industries. Although values are likely to underestimate true exposure levels, some figures exceed European and American occupational exposure guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company

Gargouri

Khadhraoui

Nisse

et al. 2011

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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“…The example is based upon the study reported in Hertsenberg et al (2007); data from this study are held within the ART database. Contextual information about this AS is provided as supplementary information (available at Annals of Occupational Hygiene online).…”

Section: Worked Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical use of the ART, a user would have to judge the most appropriate data for their AS based upon the contextual information that supplements each data set. For this example, the three data sets corresponding to the study reported in Hertsenberg et al (2007) were selected. These data sets ‘Spreading of glue <1h, LEV’, ‘Spreading of glue 1–2h, LEV’, and ‘Spreading of glue >2h, LEV’ related to the same study; however, the measurements were partitioned by the exposure duration.…”

Section: Worked Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced REACH Tool: A Bayesian Model for Occupational Exposure Assessment

McNally

Warren

Fransman

et al. 2014

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical framework. The information is obtained from expert knowledge expressed in a calibrated mechanistic model of exposure assessment, data on inter- and intra-individual variability in exposures from the literature, and context-specific exposure measurements. The ART provides central estimates and credible intervals for different percentiles of the exposure distribution, for full-shift and long-term average exposures. The ART can produce exposure estimates in the absence of measurements, but the precision of the estimates improves as more data become available. The methodology presented in this paper is able to utilize partially analogous data, a novel approach designed to make efficient use of a sparsely populated measurement database although some additional research is still required before practical implementation. The methodology is demonstrated using two worked examples: an exposure to copper pyrithione in the spraying of antifouling paints and an exposure to ethyl acetate in shoe repair.

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“…Therefore, efforts were taken to reduce sampling costs, for example, by employing passive, instead of active, sampling [ 5 ]. Another approach to reducing the cost of exposure sampling was introduced by Liljelind and co-authors in the early to mid-2000s [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], and this was later explored by others [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The concept of self-assessment of exposure (SAE) implies that workers assess their own exposures, instead of occupational hygienists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative self-assessment of inhalation exposure relied mainly on passive sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gases. Hertsenberg et al, (2006) reported the results of a quantitative study on VOC exposure amongst shoe repair men, using two different regimes of self-assessment, i.e., different levels of expert supervision [ 9 ]. The group with the lowest level of supervision received only written instructions on the use of the passive samplers (diffusion badges), whereas participants in the other group received extensive oral instructions, followed by controlled assessment of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents among Formal and Informal Nail Technicians in Johannesburg, South Africa

Brouwer

Keretetse

Nelson

2023

IJERPH

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Participatory research, including self-assessment of exposure (SAE), can engage study participants and reduce costs. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and reliability of a SAE regime among nail technicians. The study was nested in a larger study, which included exposure assessment supervised by experts, i.e., controlled assessment of exposure (CAE). In the SAE approach, ten formal and ten informal nail technicians were verbally instructed to use a passive sampler and complete an activity sheet. Each participant conducted measurements on three consecutive days, whereafter the expert collected the passive samplers. Sixty samples were, thus, analyzed for twenty-one volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The reported concentrations of 11 VOCs were converted into total VOC (TVOC) concentrations, adjusted for their respective emission rates (adj TVOC) to allow comparison within and between nail technician categories (formal vs informal), as well as assessment regimes (SAE versus CAE), using the data from the main study. In total, 57 SAE and 58 CAE results were compared, using a linear mixed-effects model. There were variations in individual VOC concentrations, especially for the informal sector participants. The major contributors to the adj TVOC concentrations were acetone and 2-propanol for the formal category, whereas ethyl- and methyl methacrylate contributed most to the informal nail technicians’ total exposures. No significant differences in adj TVOC-concentrations were observed between the assessment regimes, but significantly higher exposures were recorded in the formal technicians. The results show that the SAE approach is feasible in the informal service sector and can extend an exposure dataset to enable reliable estimates for scenarios with substantial exposure variations.

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Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents Among Shoe Repair Men

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company

A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company

Advanced REACH Tool: A Bayesian Model for Occupational Exposure Assessment

Quantitative Self-Assessment of Exposure to Solvents among Formal and Informal Nail Technicians in Johannesburg, South Africa

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